Endocrine System Flashcards
What are endocrine glands
Products = hormones
Location of Product = into the blood
Ducts? = no
What are exocrine glands
Products = enzymes, sweat, saliva, tears, etc
Location of Products = in cavities within the body different from target locations
Ducts = yes
Two types of hormones
Peptides
Steroids
Peptide hormones
Made from = amino acids
Location of receptor = on cell surface
Mechanism of action = 2nd messenger system
Speed of effects = fast
Longevity of effects = temporary
Storage = make them before hand and store until you need them
Steroids hormones
Made from = cholesterol
Location of receptor = lipid based so can cross the cell membrane and form a complex and travel again therefore INTERCELLULAR RECEPTOR
Mechanism of action = bind DNA, modify transcription
Speed of effects = slower
Longevity of effects = more permanent
Storage = don’t tend to be stored
Thyroid hormone
A modified amino acids
Act more like a steroid and binds to an intercellular receptor but looks like a peptide
- hydrophobic
3 ways to control the release of hormones
1) neural control
- action potential triggers the release
2) hormonal control
- a hormone triggers the release of another hormone
- tropic hormones (ACTH-adrenal corticatropic)
3) humoral control
- something in blood, not itself a hormones, trigger release
- ex glucose levels control insulin and glucagon
What is the anterior pituitary made out of
Adenohypothesis
Made of gland tissue
- secrete and production of 6 major hormones
Controlled hormonally by hypothalamus
What are the 6 major hormones that are made and secreted from the anterior pituitary
FLAT PEG
F= FSH L = LH A = ACTH T = TSH
P= prolactin E = endorphins G = growth hormone
What is the posterior pituitary made of
Neurohypophysis
Made of nervous tissue
No hormones released here just stores and releases the ones mAde by the hypothalamus
What are the two hormones that the posterior pituitary store and release that are made from the hypothalamus
Oxytocin
ADH (vasopressin)
What are the two ways the hypothalamus is controlled
Neurally
Humorally
Hypothalamus control of the posterior pituitary
Hypothalamus sends neural signals to make hormones
Neurons make hormones and send them down their axon and release via action potential
Hormones are dumped in the blood
Hypothalamus control of the anterior pituitary
Hormonally
Capillary beds series connected by portal veins
- hypothalamic portal veins
Hypothalamus secretes the hormones to travel down the veins to trigger the release of the hormone wanting to be released from the anterior pituitary and then negative feedback works to stop it
Prolactin is the only one that doesn’t have a releasing hormone
Tropic hormones
Causes the release of different hormones
