Endocrine System

Question 1

Hormone

Answer 1

• Travels through the bloodstream to reach target tissues

Question 2

Peptide Hormone

Answer 2

• Produced in Cell
• Charged, cannot pass through lipid bilayer
• link to extracellular receptors, trigger second messengers
• ex: insulin

Question 3

Dîmerization

Answer 3

Pairing of two receptor-hormone complexes

Question 4

What do Kinases do?

Answer 4

• Phosphorylate

Question 5

MSteroid Hormones

Answer 5

• Derived from cholesterol
• produced by gonads/adrenal cortex
• nonpolar
• intracellular receptors can bind directly to DNA
• ex: testosterone/estrogen

Question 6

Peptide vs Steroid

Answer 6

• Steroid hormones are slower than peptides but longer lasting

Question 7

Amino Acid- derivative Hormone

Answer 7

• Derived from one or two AA
• Ex: epinephrine, norepinephrine, triiodothyronine, thyroxine

Question 8

Catecholamine

Answer 8

• Epinephrine and norepinephrine
• bind to G protein receptors
• fast onset, short lived like peptide hormone

Question 9

Thyroid hormones

Question 10

Direct vs Tropic Hormones

Answer 10

• Secreted and act directly on target tissue vs stimulate production of another hormone to work on target tissue

Question 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Negative feedback

Answer 12

• Production of a certain amount of hormone inhibits further production of it

Question 13

Hypophysis

Answer 13

Pituitary

Question 14

Anterior Pituitary - FLATPEG

Answer 14

• Tropic Hormones
• Follicle Stimulating (FSH)
• lutenizing Hormone (LSH)
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Prolactin (direct)
• Endorphins
• Growth hormone (GH)

Question 15

Posterior pituitary

Answer 15

• Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin (réabsorbs water in kidneys)

Question 16

What does the Thyroid produce?

Answer 16

• Triodothyronine (T3)
• Thyroxine (T4)
• through iodination

Question 17

What is the role of T3 and T4?

Answer 17

• Increased cellular respiration leads to increased protein and fatty acid production and degradation (turnover)

Question 18

What do C-cells produce, and what does the product do for the body?

Answer 18

• Calcitonin
• decreases calcium levels in blood by storing calcium in bone, excreting through kidneys and decrease absorption of calcium through gut

Question 19

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 19

• Opp calcitonin, raises calcium in blood, decreases kidney release, increase absorption in gut
• Activates Vitamin D

Question 20

Where is the Adrenal Cortex and what does it secrete?

Answer 20

• Located on top of the kidneys in the adrenal glands, release corticosteroids

Question 21

Glucocorticoids

Answer 21

Steroid hormone regulates glucose levels

Question 22

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 22

Salt and water homeostasis (ex: aldosterone for sodium réabsorption)

Question 23

Cortical Sex hormones

Answer 23

Androgens and estrogens

Question 24

What does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 24

Epinephrine and norepinephrine for the sympathetic nervous system

Question 25

Pancreas

Answer 25

Islet of langerhans secrete alpha beta and delta cells which secrete glucagon insulin and somatostatin

Question 26

Glucagon vs Insulin

Answer 26

Encourages Glucose productions vs encourages uptake of clubhouse into muscle and liver cells for storage