Endocrine system

Question 1

What are the 2 types of glands

Answer 1

Exocrine

Endocrine

Question 2

What are exocrine glands , give an example

Answer 2

glands that release their product into ducts or tubes

salivary glands , sweat

Question 3

What are endocrine glands

Answer 3

ductless glands that releases products into the bloodstream

Question 4

What is a hormone

Answer 4

hormones are chemical messengers produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where they have a specific effect

Question 5

What are most hormones made of

Answer 5

proteins , some made of steroids

Question 6

What is the speed of a response compared to the nervous system

Answer 6

endocrine : slow

nervous : fast

Question 7

What is the method of transmission compared to the nervous system

Answer 7

endocrine : chemical

nervous : mostly electrical

Question 8

What is the speed of a message compared to the nervous system

Answer 8

endocrine : slow (blood )

nervous : fast (electrical )

Question 9

What is the duration of a message compared to the nervous system

Answer 9

Endocrine : long-lasting

Nervous : short-lived

Question 10

What location is affected compared to the nervous system

Answer 10

Endocrine : effects can be widespread

Nervous : localised

Question 11

Where is the pineal gland located

Answer 11

in the brain

Question 12

What hormone does the pineal gland produce

Answer 12

Melatonin

Question 13

What is the function of melatonin

Answer 13

controls body rhythms

Question 14

Where is the hypothalamus located

Answer 14

in the brain

Question 15

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce

Answer 15

ADH

Question 16

What is the function of ADH

Answer 16

causes water to be reabsorbed by the kidneys

Question 17

Where is the pituitary gland located

Answer 17

beneath the brain

Question 18

What hormone does the pituitary gland produce

Answer 18

growth hormone

Question 19

What is the function of growth hormone

Answer 19

bone elongation

Question 20

Where is the parathyroid located

Answer 20

on the thyroid

Question 21

What hormone does the parathyroid produce

Answer 21

parathormone

Question 22

What is the function of parathormone

Answer 22

release calcium from bone cells into blood

Question 23

Where is the thyroid located

Answer 23

on the trachea

Question 24

What hormone does the thyroid produce

Answer 24

thyroxine

Question 25

What is the function of thyroxine

Answer 25

controls body metabolism

Question 26

Where is the thymus located

Answer 26

in chest at bronchi

Question 27

What hormone does the thymus produce

Answer 27

thymosin

Question 28

What is the function of thymosin

Answer 28

mature of WBCs

Question 29

Where is the adrenal gland located

Answer 29

on top of the kidneys

Question 30

What hormone does the adrenal gland produce

Answer 30

adrenaline

Question 31

What is the function of adrenaline

Answer 31

Emergency response

Question 32

Where are the islets of langerhans (pancreas ) located

Answer 32

abdomen - under stomach

Question 33

What hormone do the islets of langerhans (pancreas ) produce

Answer 33

insulin

Question 34

What is the function of insulin

Answer 34

controls sugar levels

Question 35

Name a hormone deficiency in children and adults

Answer 35

Thyroxine deficiency child - low metabolic rates - cretinism adult - reduced metabolic rate - myxoedema , goitre

Question 36

What is the corrective measure of thyroxine deficiency

Answer 36

thyroxine and iodine supplements

Question 37

Name a hormone in excess and the symptoms

Answer 37

Thyroxine excess | increased metabolic rate - weight loss , hunger , bulging eyes. (graves disease)

Question 38

What is a corrective measure for a thyroxine excess

Answer 38

surgical removal of part of the thyroid | radioactive iodine

Question 39

Name two hormone supplements and their uses

Answer 39

Insulin - low insulin production , diabetes | Anabolic steroids - for meat production , build up of muscles

Question 40

What is negative feedback

Answer 40

where the correct level of one hormone inhibits another hormone already present

Question 41

Explain an example of negative feedback

Answer 41

1. levels of thyroxine are normal , inhibits the pituitary gland from producing TSH 2. levels decrease TSH produced stimulating thyroid gland to produce thyroxine until normal levels achieved

Question 42

What is Goitre and what causes it

Answer 42

swelling of the thyroid | if no iodine present to combine with TSH then TSH stored in thyroid causing swelling