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Oral surgery 2020 > Endocrine system Hematology > Flashcards

Endocrine system Hematology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chemicals secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells?

A

-Hormones

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2
Q

What are non-steroid hormones made of?

A

-Amino acids or proteins

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3
Q

What is usually activated by non-steroid hormones?

A

-G-protein

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4
Q

T/F Non-steroid hormones can cross the cell membrane with ease

A

False

Can NOT

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5
Q

What type of hormones are derived from lipid molecules?

A

-Prostaglandins

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6
Q

Signal molecule bind to _____ which activates _____ which alters ______ which creates _____

A
  • receptor protein
  • intracellular signal molecules
  • target proteins
  • response
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7
Q

What type of hormone comes from the anterior pituitary?

A

-Trophic hormone

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8
Q

What is the decrease of hormone receptors which decreases the sensitivity to that hormone?

A

-Down-regulation

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9
Q

What is the increase in the number of receptors which causes the cell to be more sensitive to a particular hormone?

A

-Up-regulation

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10
Q

Where does the hypothalamus receive information from?

A

-Thalamus

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11
Q

What does the hypothalamus monitor?

A
  • Temperature
  • pH
  • other conditions
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12
Q

What does the hypothalamus signal if conditions need to be corrected?

A

-Pituitary

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13
Q

What bony structure does the pituitary gland sit in?

A

-Sella turcica

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14
Q

What does the posterior pituitary receive?

A
  • Oxytocin

- ADH

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15
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

-Stimulate milk production

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16
Q

What does TSH do?

A

-Stimulate the thyroid gland to release its hormones

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17
Q

What does FSH do?

A
  • Stimulates estrogen production and maturation of the ova

- Males it stimulates sperm production

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18
Q

What does GH do?

A

-Stimulates increase in size of muscles and bones

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19
Q

What does LH do?

A
  • Simulates ovulation in females and estrogen production

- Stimulates production of testosterone in males

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20
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Stimulate kidneys to conserve water

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21
Q

What is general stress syndrome caued by?

A

-Release of hormones

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22
Q

Is causes acromegaly?

A

-Increased productions of the GH or a tumor

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23
Q

How can you treat acromegaly?

A

-Medications to decrease GH production

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24
Q

What disease is associated with graves disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Toxic goiter

25
What can head trauma lead to?
-Diabetes insipidus
26
What causes dwarfism?
-Underproduction of GH
27
What type of diabetes is decreased or absent production of insulin by the pancreas?
-Type I
28
What are the three P's of signs of Diabetes mellitus?
- Polyuria - Polydispia (great thirst) - Polyphagia (excessive hunger)
29
What two things are you worried about if someone has diabetes?
- Poor wound healing | - Infection
30
If you body cannot use glucose because your diabetic what can than lead to?
-Diabetic Ketoacidosis because the body has to use the muscle and fat to create energy
31
What can occur with hyperinsulinism?
-Insulin shock
32
What should a normal blood glucose be?
Under 110 mg/dl and a fasting HbA1C less than 6
33
What is blood glucose for a diabetic?
- greater than 12-mg/dl | - HbA1C greater than 6-8
34
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
- Sudden onset - Insulin dosing and no food - Moist skin and drooling - Strong pulse - Tremors and convulsions
35
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
- Gradual onset, no insulin, food - Dry skin, thirst, abdominal pain - Deep respirations
36
If a person has a finger stick glucose of 205 mg/dl what does that correlate to for an Hba1c?
-8
37
What do you do for treatment for someone who has hypoglycemia?
-Oral carbohydrate under tongue
38
What are the major hormones formed from the thyroid?
- T3 and T4 | - Calcitonin
39
What does calcitonin do?
-Lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts
40
What does PTH do?
-Raise the blood calcium by activating osteoclasts
41
If you have congenital hypothyroidism what is that known as in children?
-Cretinism
42
What can hyperthyroidism have associated with it?
- High heart rate | - Hypertension
43
What three things are associated with Graves disease?
- Thyrotoxicosis - Atrial fibrillation - Thyroid storm
44
What causes an endemic goiter?
- Iodine deficiency | - No TH synthesis
45
What can cause Myxedema?
- Removal of the thyroid gland - Neck radiation - Treatments and obesity
46
What causes graves disease?
-Over production of thyroid hormones
47
What are the signs of graves disease?
- Exophtalmos | - Goiter
48
If you have a hypoparathyroid disease what does that mean to your calcium levels?
-Hypocalcemia
49
If you have a hyperparathyroid disease what does that mean to your calcium levels?
-Excess PTH secretion = high calcium
50
What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
-Catechalamines
51
What does the adrenal cortex secrete?
- Aldosterone | - Cortisol
52
What is cushing syndrome?
- Excess cortical secretion - Causes hyperglycemia - Appears as buffalo hump and moon face
53
What is adrenogenital syndrome?
- Adrenal androgen hypersecretion accompanies cushing syndrome - Causes enlargement of external sexual organs
54
What causes Cushings disease?
- Long term use of steroids | - Excessive production of ACTH
55
What hormones are made in the adrenal medulla?
- Epinephrine | - Norepinephrine
56
If a patient has a tumor near their kidney (adrenal gland) and the blood pressure is 200/120 what might you be thinking?
-Cushings disease
57
What causes Addisons disease?
- Unknown but may be due to cancer or an autoimmune dysfunction - Due to destruction of adrenal cortex
58
What do you use to treat addisons disease?
-Corticosteroids (helps withstand stress)

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