Hematology

Question 1

What components do you find in plasma?

Answer 1

• Proteins
• Water
• Other solutes

Question 2

What are the formed elements in blood?

Answer 2

• Platelets
• Leukocytes
• Erythrocytes

Question 3

What does a neutrophil do?

Answer 3

• Phagocytosis

- Early phase of inflammation

Question 4

What does an eosinophil do?

Answer 4

• Pagocytosis

- Parasitic infections

Question 5

What does a basophil do?

Answer 5

• Inflammatory response

- Allergic response

Question 6

What does a lymphocyte do?

Answer 6

• Cellular

- Humoral immune response

Question 7

What does a monocyte do?

Answer 7

• Phagocytosis

- Cellular immune response

Question 8

What must the platelet count be for surgery?

Answer 8

-Greater than 50,000

Question 9

What is hematocrit?

Answer 9

• Number of red blood cells

- Size of red blood cells

Question 10

What is a normal platelet count?

Answer 10

-150,000-400,000

Question 11

What is anemia?

Answer 11

• Is a reduction in the number of RBCs
• The quantity of hemoglobin
• Volume of RBCs

Question 12

What are three main groups of why people would be anemic?

Answer 12

• Blood loss
• Decreased production of erythrocytes
• Increased destruction of erythrocytes

Question 13

What is Iron-Deficiency anemia known as?

Answer 13

-Hypochromic microcytic

Question 14

What causes hypochromic microcytic anemia?

Answer 14

• Inadequate dietary intake
• Malabsorption
• Blood loss
• Hemolysis

Question 15

What is the most common clinical manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 15

• Pallor
• Inflammation of the tongue
• Cheilitis
• Sensitivity to cold
• Weakness and fatigue

Question 16

What is the etiology of Thalassemia?

Answer 16

-Autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin

Question 17

What is characterized by large RBCs which are fragile and easily destroyed?

Answer 17

-Megaloblastic anemia

Question 18

What are some common forms of megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 18

• Cobalamin deficiency

- Folic acid deficiency

Question 19

What can folic acid deficiency cause?

Answer 19

-Megaloblastic anemia

Question 20

What is folic acid required for?

Answer 20

-RBC formation and maturation

Question 21

What causes folic acid deficiency?

Answer 21

• Poor dietary intake
• Alcohol abuse
• Hemodialysis

Question 22

What is Cobalamin deficiency?

Answer 22

-Pernicious anemia (caused by vitamin B12 deficiency)

Question 23

What is required for cobalamin absorption?

Answer 23

-Intrinsic Factor

Question 24

What is the Schilling test?

Answer 24

-A medical investigation used for patients with vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 25

What is the purpose of the Schilling test?

Answer 25

-To determine if the patient has pernicious anemia

Question 26

What is the second most common cause of anemia?

Answer 26

-Normochromic normocytic

Question 27

What are the causes of normochromic normocytic anemia?

Answer 27

- Impaired renal function - Chronic inflammatory, infectious or malignant disease - Chronic liver disease - Folic acid deficiencies - Splenomegaly - Hepatitis

Question 28

What is the most common cause of anemia?

Answer 28

-Iron deficiency anemia

Question 29

What are the causes of cobalamin deficiency?

Answer 29

- Gastric mucosa not secreting IF - GI surgery loss of IF-secreting gastric mucosal cells - Long term use of H2 histamine receptor blockers - Atrophy and loss of mucosa - Nutritional deficiency - Hereditary defects of cobalamin utilization

Question 30

What is aplastic anemia characterized by?

Answer 30

-Pancytopenia

Question 31

What is pancytopenia that deals with aplastic anemia?

Answer 31

-Decrease of all blood cell types

Question 32

What is acute blood loss?

Answer 32

-Result of sudden hemorrhage

Question 33

What is chronic blood loss?

Answer 33

- Similar to iron deficiency anemia | - GI bleeding, hemorrhoids, menstrual blood loss

Question 34

What are some examples of hemolytic anemia?

Answer 34

- Sickle cell disease - Acquired hemolytic anemia - Hemochromatosis

Question 35

What is intrinsic hemolytic anemia?

Answer 35

- Abnormal hemoglobin - Enzyme deficiencies - RBC membrane abnormalities

Question 36

What is extrinsic hemolytic anemia?

Answer 36

- Normal RBCs | - Damaged by external factors (Liver spleen toxins,)

Question 37

What is polycythemia?

Answer 37

-Overproduction of red blood cells

Question 38

What are some symptoms of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 38

- Bruising - Nosebleeds - Petechiae

Question 39

What are the types of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 39

-Immune thrombocytopenic purpura .abnormal destruction of circulating platelets .autoimmune disorder .Destroyed in hosts spleen by macrophages -Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 40

What are the treatments for thrombocytopenia?

Answer 40

- Based on cause - Corticosteroids - Plasmaphoresis - Splenectomy - Platelet transfusion

Question 41

What would you do for a workup for treatment of bleeding dyscrasia?

Answer 41

- CBC - PT (extrinsic) - PTT (intrinsic) - Hemogloin types

Question 42

What is the INR?

Answer 42

Prothrombin time from the patient/prothrombin time calculated at that specific lab

Question 43

What are the clinical manifestations of Cobalamin Deficiency?

Answer 43

- General symptoms of anemia - Sore tongue - Anorexia - Weakness - Paresthesias of the feet and hands - Altered though process