Endocrine System Lec I

Question 1

The Endocrine system is:_______________. And achieves it by:_________________.

Answer 1

The Control and communication system of the body; Achieves it control though hormone secretion, Secretes directly into the bloodstream; circulate and travel to target cells in order to influence and control their activity

Question 2

The hypothalamus is aka

Answer 2

“The master regulator” or control system of the endocrine system

Question 3

Unlike the nervous system, the endocrine system is very ____________

Answer 3

slow to have its effect, it isn’t direct because it jumps into the bloodstream and travels to very distant areas of the body and it can last a long time.

Question 4

Endocrine system helps maintain ______________

Answer 4

balanced state of equilibrium, homeostasis by hormone secretion.

Question 5

Glands are defined as___________

Answer 5

Tissues with secretory function, tissues that secrete chemical products

Question 6

Glands can either be ________ or _________

Answer 6

endocrine; exocrine

Question 7

Endocrine glands are defined as:

Answer 7

ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; e.g: adrenal glands, pituitary, thyroid, pineal gland

Question 8

Exocrine glands are defined as:

Answer 8

glands that secrete non hormonal products into a duct; delivers the chemical product into the external environment of the body e.g lumen of stomach or external surface of the skin

Question 9

Target cells are defined as: (function)

Answer 9

respond to hormones, only if they have the specific receptors for those hormones

Question 10

Hormone molecules fit into a receptor by using the ___________________

Answer 10

lock and key method

Question 11

A hormone cannot alter or influence activity of a target cell unless

Answer 11

they have a specific receptor for that hormone

Question 12

Hormones can influence metabolic activity in the ____________ or ____________

Answer 12

excitatory or inhibitory

Question 13

Excitatory/excitation is defined as:

Answer 13

by switching genes within the target cell “on” ; increases the number and activity of enzymes present within the target cell; increasing enzymatic activity increases protein production within target cell

Question 14

Inhibition/ inhibitory is defined as:

Answer 14

deactivating genes within the target cell and switching the genes “off”; decreases the number and activity of enzymes present with in the target cell, decreasing enzymatic activity

Question 15

What are the types of hormones:

Answer 15

steroid hormones and amino acid based hormones

Question 16

Steroid hormones are defined as:

Answer 16

hormones synthesized from cholesterol (lipid); lipid soluble, will readily pass across cell plasma membranes. e.x: cortisol, sex hormones, thyroid hormones T3, T4

Question 17

amino acid based hormones are defined as:

Answer 17

amine (1 amino acid)/peptide(at least 2 amino acid)/protein (many amino acids linked in a chain)