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11AT Biology > Endocrine System- Paper 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine System- Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the endocrine system bring about a change in our internal environment?

A

Glands release hormones into bloodstream, which then travel to the target organ to produce an effect

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2
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical Messenger Protein which has an effect on a target organ

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3
Q

Name the ‘master gland’ that secretes a variety of hormones.

A

Pituitary gland

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4
Q

Name the hormone that affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney.

A

ADH

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5
Q

State one difference between the effects of hormones compared to the nervous system.

A

Hormonal effects are slower/last longer

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6
Q

Name the hormone that decreases blood glucose level.

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Name the hormone that increases blood glucose level.

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

Name the organ the produces hormones to control blood glucose level.

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

State an effect of insulin.

A

Increase glucose uptake by cells/More respiration/Convert glucose to glycogen to store in liver and muscles/Convert glucose to fat for storage

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10
Q

State an effect of glucagon.

A

Convert glycogen to glucose/Make glucose from amino acids or fat

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11
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Complex/Storage carbohydrate made up of glucose in liver and muscles

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12
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Condition where pancreas does not make enough/any insulin

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13
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Condition where body cells stop responding to insulin properly

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14
Q

Name one symptom of diabetes.

A

Excess urine/Feeling thirsty/Lack energy/Lose weight/Fatigue

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15
Q

Name a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

A

Lack of exercise/Sugary diet/Obesity

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16
Q

Name a treatment for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes.

A

Insulin injection

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17
Q

Name a method to cure type 1 diabetes.

A

Pancreas or pancreatic cell transplant

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18
Q

Name one treatment for type 2 diabetes.

A

Carbohydrate-controlled diet/Lose weight/Regular exercise

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19
Q

Which organ produces thyroxine?

A

Thyroid gland

20
Q

What is the effect of thyroxine?

A

Controls metabolic rate

21
Q

Name the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that controls the production of thyroxine?

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

22
Q

State one effect of adrenaline.

A

Increase heart rate/breathing rate/Increase glycogen conversion to glucose/Pupils dilate/Increase mental awareness/More blood flow to muscles

23
Q

Name the organ that secretes adrenaline.

A

Adrenal gland

24
Q

The level of adrenaline is controlled by a negative feedback system. True or false?

A

FALSE

25
Q

Under what sort of situation would adrenaline be released?

A

In reaction to fear or stress

26
Q

Name the main female reproductive hormone.

A

Oestrogen

27
Q

Name the process where a matured egg is released from the ovaries.

A

Ovulation

28
Q

Name the hormone that causes egg maturation in the ovaries.

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

29
Q

Name the hormone that stimulates ovulation.

A

LH (luteinising hormone)

30
Q

Name the hormone that stimulates the build-up of the uterus lining.

A

Oestrogen

31
Q

Name the hormone that maintains the uterus lining.

A

Progesterone

32
Q

Name the main male reproductive hormone.

A

Testosterone

33
Q

Which organ produces testosterone?

A

Testes

34
Q

State the average length of the menstrual cycle.

A

28 days

35
Q

Which two female hormones does the pituitary gland secretes during the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH and LH

36
Q

Which two female hormones does the ovaries release during the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

37
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of oestrogen?

A

FSH

38
Q

Which hormone inhibits the release of FSH?

A

Oestrogen

39
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of LH?

A

Oestrogen

40
Q

Which hormone inhibits the release of both FSH and LH?

A

Progesterone

41
Q

Which hormone(s) are used as contraceptive pills?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

42
Q

Name a chemical method of contraception.

A

Spermicides

43
Q

Name a barrier method of contraception.

A

Condom/Diaphragm

44
Q

Which two hormones are issued as fertility drug in IVF treatments?

A

FSH and LH

45
Q

Where does fertilisation occur in IVF treatment?

A

In a Petri dish

11AT Biology (21 decks)

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