Endocrine System pt 2

Question 1

• increases active vitamin D
  formation
• cause reabsorption of
  bone tissue to release Ca2+ into the
  circulatory system.

Answer 1

Parathyroid hormone

Question 2

Beta cells

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

a greatly enlarged thyroid gland

Answer 3

Endemic Colloid Goiter

Question 4

caused by lack of insulin secretion.

Answer 4

Type I diabetes, also called
insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus (IDDM)

Question 5

• The inner zone of the cortex
• Secretes the adrenal androgens
  dehydroepiandrosterone and
  androstenedione, as well as small amounts
  of estrogens and some glucocorticoids.

Answer 5

zona reticularis

Question 6

helps regulate blood nutrient levels

Answer 6

Glucocorticoids

Question 7

Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans
- acts locally within the islets of
Langerhans themselves to depress
secretion of both insulin and
glucagon.the body

Answer 7

Somatostatin

Question 8

secretes an entirely
different group of hormones, called
corticosteroids

Answer 8

Adrenal cortex

Question 9

Effect on the Distribution of Body Hair

Answer 9

• Over the pubis
• Upward along the linea alba of the abdomen sometimes to the
  umbilicus
• On the face,
• Usually on the chest
• Less often on other regions of the body, such as the back.

Question 10

People with gigantism can reach up to?

Answer 10

8 feet tall

Question 11

● are opposite to those of
hyperthyroidism
● is often initiated by autoimmunity
against the thyroid gland (Hashimoto
disease), but immunity that destroys the
gland rather than stimulates it

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism

Question 12

• the most common form of
  hyperthyroidism
• an autoimmune disease in which
  antibodies called thyroid-stimulating
  immunoglobulins (TSIs) form against
  the TSH receptor in the thyroid gland.

Answer 12

Graves’ disease

Question 14

• A child who has reached the age of 10years may have the bodil development of a child aged ______,

Answer 14

4 to 5 years

Question 15

is more important than calcitonin in
regulating blood Ca2+ levels.

Answer 15

Parathyroid Glands

Question 16

Alpha cells:

Answer 16

Glucagon

Question 17

It secretes the
hormones: epinephrine and
norepinephrine in response to
sympathetic stimulation

Answer 17

Adrenal medulla

Question 18

Testosterone decreases the growth of
hair on the top of the head; a man who
does not have functional testes does
not become bald

Answer 18

Male Pattern Baldness

Question 19

• is responsible for the distinguishing
  characteristics of the masculine body
• formation of a penis and a scrotum

Answer 19

Testosterone

Question 20

• a thin layer of cells that lies just underneath
  the capsule.
• These cells are the only ones in the adrenal gland capable of secreting significant amounts of aldosterone because of aldosterone synthase

Answer 20

zona glomerulosa

Question 21

endocrine part of the endocrine organ

Answer 21

pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

Question 22

• The islets secrete three hormones—_____, _______, and ______which help
  regulate the blood levels of nutrients,
  especially glucose.

Answer 22

insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

Question 23

• Primarily binds to receptor molecules in the kidney, but it also affects the
  intestine, sweat glands, and salivary
  glands.
• Causes Na+ and water to be retained in the body and increases the rate at which K+ is eliminated.

Answer 23

Aldosterone

Question 24

• lies in the upper part of the
  thoracic cavity
• It is important in the function of
  the immune system.

Answer 24

Thymus

Question 25

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 25

● A high state of excitability ● Intolerance to heat ● Increased sweating ● Mild to extreme weight loss ● Varying degrees of diarrhea ● Muscle weakness ● Nervousness or other psychic disorders● Extreme fatigue but inability to sleep● Tremor of the hands. ● Exophthalmos

Question 26

the same person at age________ may have the bodily development of a child aged 7 to 10 years.

Answer 26

20 years

Question 27

ordinarily has________, and the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas are prone to degenerate because they become overactive owing to the hyperglycemia.

Answer 27

hyperglycemia

Question 28

result from generalized deficiency of anterior pituitary secretion during childhood - all the physical parts of the body develop in appropriate proportion to one another

Answer 28

Dwarfism

Question 29

which increases the breakdown of proteins and lipids and increases their conversion to forms of energy the body can use. - Cortisol ca

Answer 29

Cortisol

Question 30

- Decreased secretion of all anterior pituitary hormones in patients - it may occur suddenly or slowly at any time during life, most often resulting from a pituitary tumor that destroys the pituitary gland.

Answer 30

Panhypopituitarism

Question 31

a. Is mobilization of fat from the lower part of the body, with concomitant xtra deposition of fat in the thoracic nd upper abdominal regions, giving ise to a buffalo torso.

Answer 31

Hyperadrenalism

Question 32

most secondary sexual characteristics of females

Answer 32

Estrogen

Question 33

- the patient can usually be treated satisfactorily by administering _______ and _________

Answer 33

adrenocortical and thyroid hormones.

Question 34

in about _____ of giants, full-blown diabetes mellitus eventually develops.

Answer 34

10%

Question 35

- GH-producing cells of the anterior pituitary gland become excessively active, and sometimes even acidophilic tumors occur in the gland

Answer 35

Gigantism

Question 36

- The middle and widest zone - Secretes the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone, as well as small amounts of adrenal androgens and estrogens.

Answer 36

zona fasciculata

Question 37

- Primarily in response to the elevated blood glucose levels - Increased parasympathetic stimulation associated with digestion of a meal. - If blood glucose levels are too high, the kidneys produce large volumes of urine containing substantial amounts of glucose. Because of the rapid loss of water in the form of urine, dehydration can result

Answer 37

Insulin

Question 38

A hormone secreted by the alpha cells

Answer 38

Glucagon

Question 39

Breakdown of liver glycogen

Answer 39

(glycogenolysis)

Question 40

- Occurs at 14 years old a. Increased blood glucose b. Increased utilization of fats for energy c. Depletion of the body’s proteins.

Answer 40

Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus