Endocrinology Flashcards
(17 cards)
what do hormones bind to
proteins
what are endocrine and exocrine glands
exocrine = ducts/tubes i.e liver, pancreas
endocrine = released to blood - from blood to interstitial fluid
give example of protein hormones and peptide + polypeptide hormone
protein = growth hormone, glycoprotein hormones (LH)
peptide = thyrotropin releasing hormone
polypeptide = insulin
examples of amino acid derivatives, steroids, sterols
AA = dopamine, catecholamine, thryoid hormone
sterol = vit D
steroid = mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex steroids (these all target nucleus)
what are binding proteins
where hormones bind to in order to circulate blood. free unbound hormone = active hormone
can be derived from extracellular domain of hormone cell surface receptor.
see table for examples
functions of hormones
differentiation of reproductive and CNS in foetus
growth and development
coordination of reproductive systems
homeostasis
adaption to emergency demands of the body
how are hormones regulated
via feedback mechanisms - pos and neg
example of neg feedback
insulin and glucagon
example of pos feedback
oxytocin stimulates and enhances labor contractions
write note on parathyroid
releases PTH, location, function = metabolism Ca2+
undersecretion = nerve disorders, brittle bones, clotting disorders, lumbar pain, fracture risks
islets of langerhans
on pancreas, secrete insulin and glucagon
adrenal glands
atop of kidneys, releases cortisone and adrenaline.
cortisone = regulate carb, protein, fat catabolism
adrenaline = raise blood sugar levels and heart beat and breathing rate where undersecretion = inability to deal with stress
pituitary
functions = growth, BP, metabolism, thyroid function, water regulation, temp regulation, sex organ function, pregnancy + breast milk regulation
what is hypothalamic pituitary axis
pituitary function is regulated by hypothalamus where it connects to pituitary stalk. hypothalamus monitors many aspects of state of body systems, manages lot of info about sensory pathways
see diagram
what tumours are found from each hypothalamus hormon
TRH -TSH -Thyroid
CRH - ACTH - Adrenal cortex
GnRH - LH/FSH - gonads
GHRH - GH - liver + other tissue
Dopamine decrease - prolactin - breast and other tissue
what anterior pituitary hormones are responsible for what activation
see last slide in presentation
how does HPA regulate cortisol
see diagram end of slideshow
