Endocrinology

Question 0

Normal height for age, over time starts falling of the height curve

Answer 0

Pathologic short stature

Question 1

Definitive diagnosis for hypopituitarism

Answer 1

Absent or low levels of GH

Question 2

Normal range for height, normal adult height is reached but the growth spurt is delayed

Answer 2

Constitutional short stature

Question 3

GH treatment

Answer 3

hGH 0.18-0.3 mg/kg/week 6-7 divided doses

Question 4

Cardinal clinical feauture of giantism

Answer 4

Longitudinal growth acceleration due to GH excess

Question 5

Diagnosis of hyperpituitarism(lab)

Answer 5

Serum somatomedin

Question 6

Medical management for hyperpituitarism

Answer 6

Octreotide

Question 7

Cardinal features of diabetes insipidus

Answer 7

Polydipsia and polyuria

Question 8

Hormone involved in DI

Answer 8

Vasopressin

Question 9

Vasopressin is synthesized where?

Answer 9

Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

Question 10

Managament for DI(central)

Answer 10

Fluid therapy, long acting vasopressin, analog dDAVP

Question 11

Management for nephrogenic DI

Answer 11

Tx of underlying d/o; thiazides

Question 12

Precocious puberty is the onset of sexual characteristics at what age?

Answer 12

<8yo in girls

Question 13

Premature thelarche is defined as

Answer 13

Breast development in 1st 2 years of life

Question 14

Labs in precocious puberty

Answer 14

Immunometric assay for LH, pelvic ultrasound, cranial CT scan/MRI

Question 15

Tx for precocious puberty

Answer 15

Leuprolide acetate 0.25-0.3 mg/kg IM q4 weeks

Question 16

With cessation of therapy in precocious puberty, menarche and ovulatory changes appear within how many months?

Answer 16

6-18 mos

Question 17

Earliest sign of graves disease

Answer 17

Emotional disturbance with motor hyperactivity

Question 18

Disappearance predicts remission of grave’s disease

Answer 18

TRSAb

Question 19

Antithyroid drug prefered for pregnant women

Answer 19

PTU

Question 20

Most common cause of thyroid disease in children in children and adolescents

Answer 20

Thyroiditis

Question 21

Associated with an increased risk of goiter and thyroiditis

Answer 21

HLA DR4 and HLA DR5

Question 22

Seen in 90% of children with thyroiditis

Answer 22

Thyroid antiperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs)

Question 23

Management for hypocalcemia

Answer 23

Neonatal tetany: 5-10 ml of 10% solution of calcium gluconate IV at a rate of 0.5 -1ml/min and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol(calcitrol)

Question 24

Hyperparathyroidsim is usually due to

Answer 24

Single benign adenoma

Question 25

Characterized by hyperplasia or neoplasia of the endocrine pancreas, anterior pituitary and parathyroid

Answer 25

MEN syndrome

Question 26

Symptoms of hypercalcemia

Answer 26

Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans, fatigue overtones

Question 27

Most consistent xray finding in hypeparathyroidism

Answer 27

Resorption of subperiosteal bone(along the margins of the phalanges)

Question 28

CAH is due to a deficiency in what enzyme

Answer 28

21 hydroxylase

Question 29

Lab finding in CAH

Answer 29

Low Na, Cl, inc K; low serum cortisol; INCREASED SERUM 17-OHP

Question 30

Most definitive test in addison's disease

Answer 30

Measurement of plasma or serum level of cortisol before and after administration ACTH

Question 31

Characteristic pattern of obesity with associated hypertension

Answer 31

Cushing syndrome

Question 32

Short stature, webbing of neck, pectus carinutum/excavatum, cubitus valgus, right sided CHD, hypertelorism, downward slanted palbebral fissure, ptosis, micrognathia, moderate MR in25%, SNHL; delayed puberty, cryptochordism

Answer 32

Noonan syndrome

Question 33

47 xxxy chromosome

Answer 33

Klinefelter syndrone

Question 34

Most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy in males

Answer 34

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 35

Management for klinefelter syndrome

Answer 35

Long acting testosterone preparation and enanthane ester

Question 36

45 x,chromosomal complement

Answer 36

Turner syndrome

Question 37

Cardinal finding in all girls with turner syndrome

Answer 37

Short stature

Question 38

Management of tuner syndrome

Answer 38

Recombinant GH, Premarin(conjugated estrogen)

Question 39

Most common endocrine metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence

Answer 39

DM

Question 40

Found in 80-90% of newly diagnosed DM patients

Answer 40

Islet cell antibosies

Question 41

Diagnostic criteria for DM

Answer 41

Random plasma glucose >200mg/dL; fasting plasma glucose >126mg/dL

Question 42

Level of glucose in diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 42

Glucose >300mg/dL

Question 43

Blood glucose level in Nonketotoic hyperosmolar coma

Answer 43

Blood glucose >800mg/dL

Question 44

HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose concentration of the last ___ months?

Answer 44

2-3 mos