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Endocrine And Metabolic Disorders > Endocrinology Crash Course > Flashcards

Endocrinology Crash Course Flashcards

1
Q

Most likely diagnosis?

A

Acromegaly - growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma

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2
Q

Mccune Albright syndrome?

A

Precocious puberty

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3
Q

Acromegaly

A

Excess growth hormone, most commonly related to a pituitary adenoma

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4
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Phaeochromocytoma

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5
Q

Diagnosis? Test?
Low creatinine, Na and K+
CORTISOL ALSO LOW

A

Non specific GI sx, rule out addisons

Short synacthen test

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6
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Pituitary apoplexy

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7
Q

Pituitary apoplexy

A

Sudden Haemorrhage into pituitary gland that often occurs with an adenoma
Can be a life-threatening condition due to ACTH deficiency
Commonly causes headache, N+V, visual field defects, diplopia and endocrine dysfunction
Diagnose with imaging and manage the abnormalities

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8
Q

Test to diagnose Cushing syndrome ?

A

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test

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9
Q

Cushing syndrome - caused by prolonged exposure to an excess of…

A

Glucocorticoids

Classic signs - moon face, striae, buffalo hump

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10
Q

Endogenous Cushing

A

Excess production of cortisol - rare

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11
Q

Cushing diagnosis

A

Exclude exogenous cause (Steroids)
24hour urinary cortisol/ Midnight cortisol/ low dose dexamethasone suppression
Then serum ACTH as second line investigation

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12
Q

Cushings - ACTH dependent/independent

A
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13
Q

Diagnosis

A

DKA

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14
Q

DKA treatment

A

Fixed rate IV insulin

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15
Q

Suspect DKA - what tests (3)?

A

Glucose, ketones, VBG

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16
Q

Severe HDU DKA

A 
Ketones over 6 
Bicarbonate less than 5 
Ph under 7 
GCS under 12
Systolic BP under 90
17
Q

Treating DKA

A

Fluids, insulin fixed rate 0.1 unit per kg per hour, electrolytes ! Replace potassium

18
Q

Sitagliptin mechanism of action

A

Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase (DDP-4)

19
Q

OVERVIEW of diabetes medications

A
20
Q

LOW TSH

Diagnosis?

A

Graves

21
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the UK?

A

Graves
Caused by IgG antibodies to TSH receptors in the thyroid
TSH-ab mimic TSH action
Seen in 90% of patients with graves and considered diagnostic

22
Q

Thyroid function tests - interpretation

Primary hypo vs hyperthyroidism

A
23
Q

Thyroid function tests - interpretation

Secondary/tertiary hypo vs hyperthyroidism

A
24
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Diabetes insipidus !

Lithium association with diabetes insipidus

25
Q

Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency or resistance to …

A

ADH

Divided into central (low adh) and nephrogenic (resistance to ADH)

26
Q

Diabetes insipidus characteristics

A

Polyuria and polydipsia

Compensate by drinking lots

27
Q

Diabetes insipidus and lithium

A

Chronic lithium use is a classic cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (approx 20%)

Endocrine And Metabolic Disorders (30 decks)

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