Endodontic instruments

Question 1

Stainless steel and NiTi files don’t conform to the iso nominal size but are within the tolerances

Answer 1

Zinelis 2002

Question 2

described errors with hand instruments (zip and elbow, ledge, zipping and perforation)

Answer 2

Weine 1975

Question 3

translational methods are more likely to create blockage compared to rotational ones.

Answer 3

Al Omari 1995

Question 4

Balanced Forces

Answer 4

Roane 1985

Question 5

the rotational balanced force method extruded significantly less debris

Answer 5

McKendry 1990

Question 6

Use of Gates Glidden superior to #3 is not recommended

Answer 6

Kuttler 2004

Question 7

heat treatment of NiTi around 400°C lead to improved flexibility and changes in transformation temperatures

Answer 7

Kuhn & Jordan 2002

Question 8

Difference between M-Wire and Blue alloy

Answer 8

M-wire : alloy is heated before manufacturing, whereas blue alloy is heated after grinding.

Question 9

Canal preparation size significantly influences the mechanical efficacy of irrigation

Answer 9

Falk & Sedgley 2005

Question 10

Apical enlargement of root canal systems with increasing root canal curvatures may facilitate the efficacy of endodontic irrigation

Answer 10

Nguy & Sedgley 2006

Question 11

NiTi rotary and stainless hand -files step-back instrumentation techniques were not signicantly different in their ability to reduce intracanal bacteria

Answer 11

Dalton 1998

Question 12

Fatigue life but not torsional strength decrease significantly when instruments rotaries into NaOCl

Answer 12

Peters 2007

Question 13

Reprocessing instruments (data showed that none of the various method recommended to remove prion was effective)

Answer 13

Sonntag & Peters 2007