Endodontics

Question 1

Causes of pulpal nerve damage: extensive decay moving into the pulp, heat from hand pieces, extensive restorations

Answer 1

Physical irritation

Question 2

Causes of pulpal nerve damage: blow to a tooth or the jaw

Answer 2

Trauma

Question 3

Localized area of pus (exudate) originating from an infection. Can be periodontics (around tooth) or endodontic (within the tooth)

Answer 3

Abscesses

Question 4

This inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection may be chronic or acute onset with pain, tenderness of the tooth in response to pressure, pus formation and swelling of tissue

Answer 4

Endodontic (periradicular) abscess

Question 5

This inflammatory reaction is frequently caused by bacteria trapped in the periodontal pocket, patient will experience rapid onset of pain, tenderness of the tooth in response to pressure, pus formation and swelling

Answer 5

Periodontal abscess

Question 6

Diagnosis: chief complaint from patient, character and duration of pain, painful stimuli, sensitivity to biting and pressure

Answer 6

Subjective examination

Question 7

Diagnosis: conducted by the endodontist, periodontal conditions, extensive restoration, tooth mobility, swelling or discolouration, pulp exposure, extent of decay.

Answer 7

Objective examination

Question 8

Objective examinations: determine whether the inflammatory process has extended into the periodical tissues. The dentist taps on the Incisal of occlusal surface with the end of a mouth mirror handle parallel to the long axis of the tooth

Answer 8

Percussion test

Question 9

Objective examination: used to determine whether the inflammatory process has extended into the periodical tissues. The dentist applies firm pressure to the mucosa above the apex of the root

Answer 9

Palpation test

Question 10

Objective examinations: never used on metallic restoration or gingival tissue. Ice, dry ice or carbon dioxide is used to determine the response of a tooth to cold

Answer 10

Thermal sensitivity cold test

Question 11

Objective examination: a piece of gutta percha or an instrument handle is heated and applied to the facial surface of the tooth

Answer 11

Thermal sensitivity heat test

Question 12

What is suspected if the cold relieves pain in the tooth

Answer 12

Irreversible pulpitis

Question 13

Objective examinations: a small electrical stimulus is delivered to the pulp, determines if the pulp is vital or non vital, placed on cervical third of the tooth

Answer 13

Electric pulp testing

Question 14

Objective examination: good quality images, most useful diagnostic tool, most ideal for endodontic procedures

Answer 14

Periapical radiograph

Question 15

Requirements for endodontic film

Answer 15

Must show 4-5mm beyond apex of the tooth and the surrounding bone or pathalogic condition. Must not have elongation or foreshortening, must have good contrast so structures are identifiable

Question 16

Initial radiograph is taken when and why

Answer 16

At the consultation for diagnosis

Question 17

Working length image is taken when and why

Answer 17

When the pulp is opened up and to determine the length of canal with files in the canals

Question 18

Final instrumentation image is taken when and why

Answer 18

Right before the fill with the final size files in all canals

Question 19

Root canal completion image is taken when and why

Answer 19

Taken after the tooth has been temporized with a temporary filling

Question 20

Recall Image is taken when and why

Answer 20

Taken at post treatment evals to make sure it is healing properly

Question 21

Diagnostic conclusion: inflammation of the pulp the pulp tissues become inflamed and can be described as being reversible or irreversible

Answer 21

Pulpitis

Question 22

Diagnostic conclusion: mild, occurs when pulp is irritated and the patient is experiencing pain in response to thermal stimuli

Answer 22

Reversible pulpitis

Question 23

Diagnostic conclusion: the tooth displayed symptoms of lingering pain

Answer 23

Irreversible pulpitis

Question 24

Diagnosis: this type of cyst develops at or near the root of a necrotic tooth , they develop as an inflammatory response to pulpal infection and necrosis if the pulp

Answer 24

Periridicular cyst

Question 25

Diagnosis: a decrease in living cells within the pulp causes fibrous tissue to take over the pulpal canal

Answer 25

Pulp fibrosis

Question 26

Diagnosis: the tooth may as be referred to as non vital, describes a tooth that does not respond to sensory stimuli

Answer 26

Necrosis

Question 27

Procedures: performed on a tooth that has an acute apical abscess usually has severe pain. Incision is made in the gum to drain infection

Answer 27

Incision and drain

Question 28

Abnormal passage or drainage leading from an abscess to the surface of the skin

Answer 28

Fistula

Question 29

Procedures: attempt to save the pulp, calcium hydroxide is placed over an exposed or nearly exposed pulp to encourage the formation of dentin

Answer 29

Indirect pulp capping

Question 30

Procedures: Indicated when the pulp has been slightly exposed

Answer 30

Direct pulp calling

Question 31

Procedure: involves removal of the coronal portion of an exposed vital pulp, used to preserve the vitality of the remaining portion of the pulp within the root of the tooth indicates for primary teeth, teeth with deep carious lesions and emergencies

Answer 31

Pulpotomy

Question 32

Also referred to as rct, this procedure involves the complete removal of the dental pulp

Answer 32

Pulpectomy

Question 33

Instruments: working ends positioned at an angle which helps to locate the canal openings

Answer 33

Endodontic explorer

Question 34

Instruments: similar to spoon excavator but has much longer shank

Answer 34

Endodontic spoon excavator

Question 35

Instruments: used to obturate the canals condense and adapt gutta percha into canals

Answer 35

Spreaders- lateral pluggers compress down

Question 36

Instruments: paddle end for placement and shaping of temp restoration, rod shaped can be heated for placement or removal of gutta percha

Answer 36

Glick number 1

Question 37

Instruments: twisted design for initial debridment of canal and during later stages of shaping and contouring the canal

Answer 37

K type files

Question 38

Instruments: has greater cutting efficiency because of its design so cutting occurs in the pulling stroke used for final enlargement of canal

Answer 38

Hedstrom file

Question 39

Instrument: similar to k file but the cutting edges are further apart, used to remove dentin structure and smooth and increase size of canal

Answer 39

Reamer file

Question 40

Instruments: thin, flexible, tapered tiny projections used to remove vital inflamed pulp tissue (extirpation) from the canal. Can also remove cotton pellets and paper points

Answer 40

Broaches

Question 41

Rotary burs: football shaped end and very long shank, used to enlarge walls of pulp chamber ( cutting edge is on sides not end)

Answer 41

Gates glidden

Question 42

Rotary burs: long blades, parallel with non cutting ends, used when tooth requires a post preparation for placement of final restoration

Answer 42

Pesso files

Question 43

Paper points do what

Answer 43

Absorb and dry irrigation solution out of canals

Question 44

Medicaments: facilitates the removal of materials from the canal and provides tissue dissolution, bleaching, deodorizing, and hemmorhage control

Answer 44

Irrigation solution

Question 45

Made from rubber material, solid at room temp but soft when heated used to obturate canals

Answer 45

Gutta-percha points

Question 46

Cement type material that seals infilled voids during obturation

Answer 46

Root canal sealers

Question 47

Used in low speed to place sealed and cements into canal

Answer 47

Lentulo spiral

Question 48

Can reduce number of radiographs taken to determine working length using

Answer 48

Electronic apex locator

Question 49

Purpose of ___ and ___ is to remove bacteria, smooth and shape the canal so filling material can be completely adapted

Answer 49

Debridement and shaping

Question 50

Objective is to place a fluid tight seal in the canals form apical tip to coronal surface to prevent re entry of microorganisms (has to be 1mm within the working length )

Answer 50

Obturation

Question 51

____ may be caused by persistent infection, improper measurement of canals, severely curved roots, perforation of canal, fractured roots, extensive root resorption, pulp stones

Answer 51

Endodontic failure

Question 52

To surgically remove the apical portion of the root

Answer 52

Apicoectomy

Question 53

Performed to remove pathological soft tissue around the root of the apex

Answer 53

Apical curettage

Question 54

Root end filling, completed when the apical seal is not adequate

Answer 54

Retrograde restoration

Question 55

Remove one or more roots of a multi rooted tooth without removing the crown mostly done on max molars

Answer 55

Root amputation

Question 56

The root and the crown are cut length wise and removed, mostly done on mand molars

Answer 56

Hemisection