Endomembrane system Flashcards
Endomembrane system (20 cards)
What does the endomembrane system consist of?
Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Vesicles & vacuoles, Plasma membrane
What are the primary functions of the endomembrane system?
Protein synthesis & transport, Lipid metabolism & movement, Detoxification of toxins, Transport within the cell
How are the membranes in the endomembrane system connected?
Physically or through vesicles
What is the structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
Cisternae and ER lumen
What is the ER lumen?
Internal compartment separated from the cytosol
What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Smooth ER, Rough ER
What is a key feature of Smooth ER?
Lacks ribosomes
What are the functions of Smooth ER?
Lipid synthesis, Carbohydrate metabolism, Detoxification, Calcium ion storage
Give examples of substances produced by Smooth ER.
Oils, steroids, phospholipids, sex hormones
How does Smooth ER assist in detoxification?
Adds hydroxyl groups to toxins, making them more water-soluble
What happens to Smooth ER in response to chronic drug/alcohol use?
Increases in abundance, leading to higher tolerance
What role does Smooth ER play in muscle cells?
Stores and releases calcium ions for muscle contraction
What is a key feature of Rough ER?
Covered in ribosomes
What are the functions of Rough ER?
Protein synthesis & secretion, Membrane production
What do ribosomes on Rough ER produce?
Proteins, including secretory proteins
What are glycoproteins?
Proteins with carbohydrate chains assembled in the ER lumen
What is the Golgi apparatus primarily known for?
Receiving, sorting, modifying, and shipping cellular products
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
Composed of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
How do vesicles function in the Golgi apparatus?
Transport materials between cisternae and other cellular structures
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is especially prominent in cells specialized for secretion.
True
