Endometrial Abnormalities

Question 1

___: abnormal location of endometrial tissue in the myometrium

Answer 1

adenomyosis

Question 2

what are some signs of adenomyosis

Answer 2

• dysmenorrhea
• dyspareunia
• menometrorrhagia

Question 3

adenomyosis can be a precursor to ____

Answer 3

endometrial carcinoma

Question 4

S/A adenomyosis

Answer 4

• thickened heterogeneous myometrium
• Venetian blind sign
• diffusely increased vascularity

Question 5

polyps are most common around what age range

Answer 5

40-50

Question 6

___: focal benign overgrowth of endometrium

Answer 6

polyp

Question 7

S/S polyps

Answer 7

• abnormal pre or post menopausal bleeding
• infertility history
• menometorrhagia

Question 8

when is the best time of the cycle to look at polyps

Answer 8

early proliferative phase

Question 9

what is the superior imaging method to look at polyps

Answer 9

SIS

Question 10

___: surgical removal of polyps

Answer 10

polypectomy

Question 11

S/A endometrial polyp

Answer 11

• round mass with smooth borders
• isoechoic to endometrial tissue
• connected via stalk
• color within mass and connecting stalk

Question 12

___: endometrial tissue in abnormal location

Answer 12

endometriosis

Question 13

list the most common locations for endometriosis from most to least common

Answer 13

• ovaries
• rectum
• broad ligament
• bowel
• ureter
• bladder

Question 14

where is the most common location of extra pelvic implantation of endometriosis

Answer 14

anterior abdominal wall

Question 15

what is the normal age range for endometriosis

Answer 15

30-40

Question 16

endometriosis is most common in who

Answer 16

white nulliparous women

Question 17

what is the leading cause of infertility

Answer 17

endometriosis

Question 18

which lab value would be increased with endometriosis

Answer 18

CA 125

Question 19

S/S endometriosis

Answer 19

• menorrhagia
• pain
• painful sex
• difficult defecation

Question 20

how can endometriosis be treated

Answer 20

surgery and/ or HRT

Question 21

S/A endometriosis

Answer 21

• cystic mass with low level echoes
• through transmission
• may have fluid levels
• can be multi located
• usually demonstrates peripheral vascularity
• chocolate cyst

Question 22

___: inflammation/ infection of the endometrium

Answer 22

endometritis

Question 23

what is the first stage of PID

Answer 23

endometritis

Question 24

endometritis has been associated with what

Answer 24

• recent c section
• abortion
• IUD perforation
• retained products
• biopsy

Question 25

S/S endometritis

Answer 25

- pain - fever - discharge - menorrhagia - leukocytosis

Question 26

S/A endometritis

Answer 26

- may see enlarged uterus - prominent irregular endometrium - may seen air in endometrial cavity - fluid in posterior cul de sac

Question 27

___: accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity

Answer 27

pyometra

Question 28

what is the median age of presentation of pyometra

Answer 28

65

Question 29

S/S pyometra

Answer 29

- purulent vaginal dischage | - pelvic pain

Question 30

pyometra can cause what problems

Answer 30

-uterine rupture and peritonitis

Question 31

primary symptom of endometrial hyperplasia is what

Answer 31

dysfunctional bleeding

Question 32

S/A endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 32

- overproliferation of glandular tissue - >18mm thickness inn premenopausal patients in secretory phase - > 5mm thickness abnormal for postmenopausal patient with no HRT and abnormal bleeding - >8mm thickness abnormal for postmenopausal patients with no HRT and no bleeding

Question 33

___: adhesions of the endometrial lining due to uterine trauma

Answer 33

Asherman syndrome

Question 34

asherman syndrome can be due to what

Answer 34

c sections or D and C

Question 35

S/S asherman syndrome

Answer 35

- amenorrhea - hypomenorrhea - recurrent miscarriage - infertility

Question 36

___: performed to treat heavy bleeding in patients with a non uterine cause for the bleeding

Answer 36

endometrial ablation

Question 37

what are some complications of endometrial ablation

Answer 37

- infection - uterine perforation - hematometra - thermal injury to adjacent structures