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Registry Review OB/GYN > Fetal Brian Abnormalities > Flashcards

Fetal Brian Abnormalities Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

the neural tube should close by ___ weeks

A

6

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2
Q

neural tube defects usually have an increase in ____

A

MSAFP

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3
Q

there is an increase risk of NTD with what factors

A
  • maternal obesity
  • poorly controlled maternal diabetes
  • certain anti seizure meds
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4
Q

what are examples of open NTD

A
  • anencephaly
  • myelomeningocele
  • cranioarchischisis
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5
Q

what are examples of closed NTD

A
  • spina bifida
  • occulta
  • spinal cord tethering
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6
Q

___: meninges with or without brain or spinal cord tissue herniates through an opening in the skull or vertebral column

A

herniation NTD

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7
Q

___: buildup of fluid inside the skull leading to brain swelling

A

hydrocephalus

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8
Q

what is the cause of hydrocephalus

A

abnormal CSF drainage or the brain is producing too much CSF

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9
Q

what is the first sign of hydrocephalus

A

dilation of lateral ventricles

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10
Q

hydrocephalus is related to what other conditions

A
  • aqueductal stenosis
  • chiari malformation
  • dandy walker malformation
  • trisomies
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11
Q

if hydrocephalus is caused by aqueduct stenosis then which part of the brain is normal in size

A

4th ventricle

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12
Q

what is the common sign associated with hydrocephalus

A

dangling choroid sign or teardrop ventricles

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13
Q

how is hydrocephalus treated

A

intraventricular shunt from the fetal brain to the peritoneal cavity

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14
Q

___: dilation if the the lateral ventricles only

A

ventriculomegaky

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15
Q

what is the ventricle mmt for mild ventriculomegaly

A

10-15mm

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16
Q

what is the ventricle mmt for moderate ventriculomegaly

A

16-20mm

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17
Q

what is the ventricle mmt for severe ventriculomegaly

A

20mm

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18
Q

what are some possible causes of ventriculomegaly

A
  • brain destruction
  • maldevelopment
  • holoprosencephaly
  • hydranencephaly
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19
Q

ventriculomegaly has been associated with what other things

A
  • polyhydramnios
  • myelomeningocele
  • encephalocele
  • dandy walker malfrormatio
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20
Q

what two signs are associated with chiari malformation

A

banana sign and melon sign

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21
Q

___: displacement of the brain structures of the posterior fossa through the foramen magnum into the cervical canal

A

chiari malformation

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22
Q

___: rare disorder characterized by abnormal fluid filled slits or clefts in the cerebral hemispheres

A

schizencephaly

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23
Q

schizencephaly is strongly associated with what other things

Study These Flashcards
A
  • absent CSP
  • absence of CC
  • septo optic dysplasia
24
Q

___: a posterior fossa cyst superiorly displaces an intact cerebellar vermis

Study These Flashcards
A

Blake pouch cyst

25
___: cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle that protrudes into the fossa
dandy walker malformation
26
S/A dandy walker malformation
- cystic structure in posterior fossa - CM>10mm - splayed cerebrellar lobes - enlarged 4th vent - ventriculomegaly or hydrcephalus
27
what structure in the brain collects the two hemispheres
corpus callous
28
CC should be fully developed by what week
18
29
___: enlarged posterior horns and small frontal horns of the lateral ventricles
coloprocephaly
30
S/A agenesis. of CC
- coloprocephaly - sunburst sign - absent pericallosal artery
31
what is the most common finding associated with septa optic dysplasia
absence of CSP
32
___: >10mm CM with intact cerebellar vermis
megacisterna magna
33
___: abnormalities caused by incomplete cleavage and rotation of the early forebrain
holoprosencephaly
34
holoprosencephaly is most commonly seen with trisomy __
13
35
what are the different types of holoprosencephaly
- alobar - semilobar - lobar
36
S/A alobar holoprosencephaly
- single c shaped ventricle - absent fal - no third ventricle - no CSP
37
S/A semi lobar holoprosencephaly
- rudimentary cerebral lobes - cerebral hemispheres and ventricles are partially separated - incomplete fusion of thalamus
38
S/A lobar holoprosencephaly
- absent CSp | - anterior horns of ventricles remain fused
39
___: abnormally large brain
megalencephaly
40
___: multiple cyst formations within the cerebral tissue that can communicate with the ventricle system
porencephlaly
41
megalencephaly is associated with what
- beckwith Wiedemann syndrome - achondroplasia - neurofibromatosis - tuberous sclerosis
42
porencephaly is associated with what
-intracranial hemorrhage
43
___: smooth brain surface
lissencephaly
44
choroid plexus cyst is a normal anatomic variant if what
mo other abnormalities are detected
45
AV malformation in the brain
vein of Galen aneurysm
46
vein of Galen aneurysm
- hydrops - fluid accumulation - congestive heart failure
47
___: destruction of cerebral tissue during fetal development
hydranencephaly
48
S/A hydranencephaly
- fluid filled sacs of CSF in cranial cavity - polyhydramnios - varying amounts of tissue may remain as atrophy and necrosis occurs
49
what is a common complication found in premature infants
intracranial hemorrhage
50
___: collection of blood outside of the cerebral hemispheres
subarachnoid hemorrhage
51
intracranial calcifications are usually related to what
- intrauterine infections - CMV - TORCH
52
what is the most common fetal intracranial abnormality associated with CMV
hyperechoic periventricular halo and septations within the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles
53
___: fluid accumulation between the dura and brain tissue
intracranial arachnoid cysts
54
what are the most common intracranial tumors
teratomas
55
___: enlarged choroid plexuses
choroid plexus papillomas
56
choroid plexus papillomas are associated with what
ventriclomegaly and enlarged subarachnoid space

Registry Review OB/GYN (31 decks)

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