Endometrial and Ovarian Cycle

Question 1

Predictable, regular, cyclical and spontaneous

ovulatory menstrual cycles

Answer 1

Ovarian Cycle

Question 2

Ovarian cycle is regulated by complex interactions of the _____.

Answer 2

HPO axis

Question 3

Average duration of the menstrual cycle

Answer 3

28 days

Question 4

Two phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 4

Proliferative and Secretory phase

Question 5

Number of follicles present at

1. birth
2. puberty
3. entire life (ovulated)

Answer 5

1. birth - 2 million oocytes
2. puberty - 400, 000 follicles
3. entire life - 400

Question 6

A hormone that causes independent recruitment of the primordial follicles during the human follicular development.

Answer 6

Gonadotropin

Question 7

Resting pool of oocytes proceed to the antral stage with the help of these factors.

Answer 7

Growth differentiation factor 9 and BMP 15 (bone morphogenic protein)

Question 8

What hormone is involved in the gonadotropin-dependent growth of antral follicle to produce estrogen?

Answer 8

FSH

Question 9

Horomone that stimulates theca cell production of androstenedione.

Answer 9

LH

Question 10

This is produced by the granulosa that causes negative feedback to the pituitary to inhibit FSH release resulting to non-development of other
follicles enabling only 1 follicle to reach maturity.

Answer 10

Inhibin B

Question 11

This event is a relative and precise predictor of ovulation.

Answer 11

Estrogen surge

Question 12

This event stimulates the resumption of oocyte meiosis.

Answer 12

LH surge

Question 13

What maintains the corpus luteum?

Answer 13

Low frequencey and high amplitude pulses of LH

Question 14

It is a transient endocrine organ that rapidly regresses 9-11 days after ovulation.

Answer 14

Human Corpus Luteum

Question 15

What hormonal change causes luteolysis?

Answer 15

Dramatic drop in the levels of estradiol and progesterone.

*this will also signal the endometrium to initiate molecular events that will lead to menstruation.

Question 16

This type of estrogen is the most biologically poten naturally occurring.

Answer 16

Estradiol-17 beta

Question 17

This type of estrogen share robust activation by estradiol.

Answer 17

EB-alpha and EB-beta

Question 18

This hormone can evoke changes in intracellular free calcium.

Answer 18

Progesterone

Question 19

Specific phase in the proliferative phase where in mitotic figures are seen and no extravascular blood or leukocyte infiltration happens.

Answer 19

Early proliferative phase

Question 20

Specific phase in the proliferative phase where in epithelial cells acquire numerous microvilli and cilia.

Loose stroma becomes prominent and portions of the endometrium are widely separated.

Increase in stromal ground substance (edema and protenaceous material)

Answer 20

Late proliferative phase

Question 21

The dating of the endometrium is based on the histology of the glandular epithelium. True or False

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What day is the first sign of ovulation seen

Answer 22

Day 17?

Question 23

Substance that accumulates in the basal
portion of the glandular epithelium, creating subnuclear vacuoles and
pseudo-stratification.

Answer 23

Glycogen

Question 24

Specific phase in the secretory phase where stromal cells surrounding the spiral arterioles begin to enlarge and stromal mitosis becomes apparent.

Answer 24

Mid to Late Secretory

Phase (day 22-25)

Question 25

Day or phase where the glands exhibit extensive coiling and secretions become visible within the lumen.

Answer 25

Mid to Late Secretory | Phase (day 22-25)

Question 26

Events that include rupture of spiral arteriols with consequent formation of a hematoma. is also called

Answer 26

Menstruation or menstrual bleeding

Question 27

It infiltrates the stroma causing psudoinflammatory appearance to the tissue a day or two before the onset of menses.

Answer 27

Neutrophils

Question 28

chemotactic activating factor for neutrophils

Answer 28

IL-8

Question 29

the primary cause of | endometrial ischemia and tissue degeneration during the menstrual phase

Answer 29

Statis or resultant stasis

Question 30

This causes vasoconstriction, myometrial contractions and upregulation of pro inflammatory responses which leads to menstruation

Answer 30

Prostaglandins

Question 31

may mediate myometrial contractions and uterine ischemia → painful menses

Answer 31

PGF2 alpha-induced spiral artery | vasoconstriction

Question 32

Event that causes the increase in COX-2 and decrease 15- hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase(PGDH) w/c degrades PG → higher PG production by endometrial stromal cell

Answer 32

Progesterone withdrawal

Question 33

Enumerate the three decidual structures

Answer 33

Decidua basalis Decidua capsularis Decidua parietalis

Question 34

This decidual structure is directly beneath the site of | blastocyst implantation

Answer 34

Decidua basalis

Question 35

Overlying the enlarging blastocyst, separating it from the rest of the uterine cavity. Covered with single layer of flattened epithelial cells w/o glands. What decidual structure?

Answer 35

Decidua | capsularis

Question 36

internally, avascular extraembryonic fetal membrane What specific part of the decidua capsularis?

Answer 36

Chorion Laeve

Question 37

Fused decidua parietalis and capsularis

Answer 37

Decidua Vera

Question 38

Zona compacta and zona spongiosa is collectively known as

Answer 38

Zona functionalis

Question 39

This layer of decidua basalis and parietalis Gives rise to new endometrium after delivery

Answer 39

Zona basalis

Question 40

Decidual blood supply: 1. capsularis - 2. parietalis -

Answer 40

Capsularis: lost as the embryo-fetus grows Parietalis: through spiral arteries persist

Question 41

Decidual Histology: Zone of fibrinoid degeneration

Answer 41

Nitabuch layer and if defective: placenta accreta

Question 42

placental lactogen, produced by | syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 42

hPL

Question 43

attenuates rate of prolactin | secretion

Answer 43

Arachodonic acid

Question 44

decreases prolactin secretion

Answer 44

ET-1, IL-1, IL-2 and epidermal growth factor