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Physio OB > Fetal Growth and Development 1 > Flashcards

Fetal Growth and Development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Determination of gestational age where in the time elapsed since the first day of the last menstrual period is computed.

A

Gestational age or Menstrual age

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2
Q

Determination of gestational age preferred by embryologists because they are more after
when the ovum is being produced rather than
the last menstrual period

A

Ovulation age or Postconceptional age

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3
Q

Computation used to determine EDD (expected date of delivery).

A

Naegele’s Rule

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4
Q

Formula of Naegele’s Rule

A

Naegele’s rule = -3 (months) and + 7 days

○ subtract 3 months then add 7 days to
the LMP (last menstrual period) of the
patient to determine menstrual history

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5
Q

This imaging is the best gauge for patients with irregular

menstrual period or with unknown LMP.

A

Sonography

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6
Q

Imaging requested when the
mother is not showing (baby bump) to establish quadrant length, age of gestation and expected
date of delivery (EDD).

A

Transvaginal ultrasound

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7
Q

Specific imaging requested when mother isshowing (baby bump)since fetal biometry can do the job

A

Pelvic ultrasound

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8
Q

It is where fertilization takes place

A

Ampulla

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9
Q

Sperm and Ovum forms _____.

A

Zygote

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10
Q

Reason why pregnancy tests appear positive when pregnant is due to the presence of

A

hCG

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11
Q

The embryonic period

(last 8 weeks)is considered to be the critical period because it is when ______ takes place.

A

organogenesis

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12
Q

True or False
During embryonic period,
there is a true intervillous space that contains
maternal blood and villous cores in which
angioblastic chorionic mesoderm can be
distinguished

A

True

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13
Q

Week when fetal blood vessels in the

chorionic villi appear

A

3rd week

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14
Q

cardiovascular system has formed → a true circulation is established both
within the embryo and between the embryo and
the chorionic villi

What week during pregancy?

A

4th week

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15
Q

First organ to be formed

A

Heart

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16
Q

Week where heart is completely formed.

A

End of 6th week

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17
Q

Period in pregnancy designated by most embryologists to begin 8
weeks after fertilization → or 10 weeks after
onset of last menses (LMP)

A

Fetal period

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18
Q

Best time to start Ca+ supplementation since centers of ossification have appeared in most of
the fetal bones

A

12 weeks of gestation (Fetal period)

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19
Q

Given to prevent neural tube defects and if the patient.

And if patient is anemic, _____ is added.

A

Folic acid, Ferrous sulfate

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20
Q

Week during pregnancy where gender can be determined.

A

16 weeks gestation

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21
Q

It covers the fetus body for protection and thermoregulation.

A

Downy lanugo/ lanugo

22
Q

How do you gauge a pregnant women that she is at 20 weeks of gestation or 5 months?

A

If the fundus of the uterus is palpable at the level of navel/umbilicus.

23
Q

This is often experienced due to the displacement
of the stomach since the uterus is at the level
of the umbilicus making it an abdominal organ

A

GERD

24
Q

Age of pregnancy where comorbids of the mother can be detected.

A

6 months or 24 weeks

25
Q

It is a period of lung
development, during which the bronchi and
bronchioles enlarge and alveolar ducts develop,
is nearly completed.

A

Canalicular period

26
Q

To address the problems that could arise during
the 6th month, it’s best that we start giving our
patients steroids in the form of _______
or _______ in order to speed up
surfactant production and lung development.

A

betamethasone, dexamethasone

27
Q

Covering of the thin skin that has cottage-cheese in consistency; it’s importance is for thermoregulation.

A

vernix caseosa

28
Q

Week during pregnancy considered as late preterm baby.

A

36 weeks gestation

29
Q

Week where in baby is considered as “term or full term”.

A

40 weeks gestation

30
Q

Week where in baby is considered as “post-term”.

A

Beyond 42 weeks

31
Q

Suture which serves as an important landmark because this is what you try to locate when palpating the fetal head.

A

Sagittal suture

32
Q

Irregular space where several sutures meet; it gives an important information concerning
presentation and position of the fetus during labor.

A

Fontanel

33
Q

The greatest transverse
diameter of the head, which extends from one
parietal boss to the other.

In the ultrasound this
is usually measured as a part of fetal biometry,
especially in the 2nd or 3rd trimester.

A

Biparietal (9.5 cm)

34
Q

Follows a line drawn from the middle of the large
fontanel to the undersurface of the occipital
bone just where it joins the neck.

Measured when the baby flexes its head, when the chin is in close contact with the thorax it will give a
small diameter. The smaller the diameter the
easier to pass through the birth canal.

A

Suboccipitobregmatic (9.5 cm)

35
Q

allows considerable shifting or sliding of each bone to accommodate the size and
shape of the maternal pelvis (helps overlap the
bone so patients would have the chance to give
birth normally or vaginally, without this most
deliveries would succumb to cesarean sections

A

Molding :)

36
Q

organ of transfer between mother and fetus

A

placenta

37
Q

These function together as the fetal lung, gastrointestinal tract and kidney.

A

chorionic villi and the intervillous space

38
Q

actively or passively
permits, facilitates, and adjusts the amount and
rate of transfer of a wide range of substances to
the fetus

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

39
Q

Enumerate the three machanism of transfer of substances during pregnancy

A
  1. Simple Diffusion
  2. Transfer facilitated by syncytiotrophoblast
  3. Transferred by way of a specific trophoblast
    receptor–mediated mechanism
40
Q

What mechanism of transfer?

  • Molecular mass <500 Da
  • transfer of
    oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and most
    electrolytes
A

Simple diffusion

41
Q

What mechanism of transfer?

  • low-molecular-weight compounds
  • where most multivitamins and supplements
    are transferred
A

Transfer facilitated by syncytiotrophoblast

42
Q

What mechanism of transfer?

  • Immunoglobulin G—molecular weight 160,000 Da
  • large proteins
A

Transferred by way of a specific trophoblast

receptor–mediated mechanism

43
Q

facilitate iron absorption and both are absorbed via facilitated diffusion. What vitamin?

A

Ascorbic acid

44
Q

True or False.

For the first 2 months , growth of the embryo fetus is dependent on maternal nutrients.

A

True

45
Q

appears to act as a nutrient sensor,
altering transport based on the maternal supply
and environmental stimuli

A

Placenta

46
Q

a hormone normally
present in abundance in the mother but not the
fetus, blocks the peripheral uptake and use of
glucose, while promoting the mobilization and
use of free fatty acids by maternal tissues

A

Placental lactogen (hPL)

47
Q

Transport proteins that primarily facilitate
glucose uptake by the placenta and are
located in the plasma membrane of the
microvilli of the syncytiotrophoblast.

A

GLUT-1 and GLUT-3

48
Q

How does IgG cross the placenta?

A

Through endocytosis and in large amounts.

*While IgA is transferred through the colstrum and IgM via exposure to environment

49
Q

It binds and sequesters a host of heavy
metals, including zinc, copper, lead, and
cadmium so that there will be no
teratogenic effects on the baby

A

metallothionein-1

50
Q

Most common heavy metal sequestered in the placenta

A

Cadmium

51
Q

This vitamin is important in building up the baby’s bone and also in preserving the
stores of the woman.

A

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

52
Q

Nase end ka na? NOTE: wala ako masyado in-add sa nutrients. hehe

A

mua

Physio OB (4 decks)

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