Endoperio 1 Flashcards
(268 cards)
1
Q
a type of periapical diagnosis wherein its sign and symptom is that there is painful response to biting and percussion
A
Acute Apical Periodontitis (AAP)
2
Q
(9) Ovoid root canal opening
A
maxillary: LI, Canine, 1PM and 2PM
mandibular: CI, LI, Canine, 1PM and 2PM
3
Q
aka non vital or internal bleaching
A
intracoronal bleaching
4
Q
removal of the entire root, leaving the crown intact
A
root resection
5
Q
separation of a multirooted tooth through the furcation in such a way that a root and the associated portion of the crown may be removed
A
hemisection
6
Q
a vital pulp therapy procedure performed to allow continued physiologic development and formation of the root
A
apexogenesis
7
Q
when the apical protion of the root with periradicular pathosis cannot be cleaned, shaped and obturated
A
root-end resection
8
Q
the most apical end of the root
A
anatomical apex
9
Q
locate about 0.5mm from the apical foramen in the area of DCJ
A
apical constriction
10
Q
termed as the “natural stop”
A
apical constriction
11
Q
instrument usd to remove pulp tissue from wide root canals
A
broach
12
Q
his tightly spiraled cutting edges that cut either in reaming or a push-and-pull filing motion
A
K-files
13
Q
manufactured by cutting the spiral flutes into the shaft of a tapered wire to produce elevated cutting edges that appear to form a series of intersecting cones
A
hedstrom file
14
Q
file that is used in pulling strokes only (withdrawal stroke)
A
hedstrom file
15
Q
manufactured by cutting the spiral flutes into a round wire of superelastic nickel titanium alloy
A
NiTi file
16
Q
a bisbiguanide antiseptic agent is used to kill or inhibit microorganism
A
Chlorhexidine (CHX)
17
Q
this aqueous solution removes inorganic ions such as calcium to demineralize and soften the dentin
A
EDTA
18
Q
EDTA is short for?
A
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
19
Q
half turn twist and pull (clockwise) file
A
reamer
20
Q
manufactured by twisting a tapered, triangular or square wire to for, an instrument with sharp cutting edges
used to enlarge the root canal
A
reamer
21
Q
distance between apical foramen and apical apex = 0.5mm
A
apical foramen
22
Q
what root is usually the most difficult to locate?
A
MB root of Max 1st molar
23
Q
is the displacement of the tooth from its original position in the alveolus, without total avulsion, resulting from acute trauma
A
luxation
24
Q
used to fill the discrepancies between the canal walls and core materials
A
sealers
25
used to obturate root canals in conjunction with sealers
gutta percha
26
odorless, basic, white powder
calcium hydroxide
27
for calcification and inhibit resorption
calcium hydroxide
28
complete dislodgement of a tooth out of its socket by traumatic injury
avulsion
29
partial axial displacement out of its socket
extrusive luxation
30
fractured alveolar socket
lateral luxation
31
partial axial displacement into the socket and can be accompanied by fractured alveolar socket
intrusive luxation
32
sensitivity to percussion but little or no mobility and no displacement
subluxation
33
treatment for concussion
no treatment 😝
34
treatment for subluxation
flexible splint can be placed for the px's comfort 7-10 days
| RCT if the tooth becomes symptomatic or it shows necrosis, periodontitis or resorption
35
treatment for extrusion
reposition the tooth
36
treatment for lateral luxation
stabilize the tooth with a flexible splint for 3 weeks
| RCT if the tooth becomes symptomatic or it shows necrosis, periodontitis, ankylosis or resorption
37
treatment for intrusive luxation
slightly luxate the tooth with forceps
spontaneous reposition if incomplete root formation or orthodontic repositioning if complete root formation or surgical repositioning
perform prophylactic RCT = 1-3 weeks after injury
38
part of the masticatory mucosa which cover the attachment apparatus
gingiva
39
color of gingiva
coral pink
40
consistency of gingiva
resilient and fibrotic in nature
41
texture of gingiva
stippling of the attached gingiva (least favorable factor) should be present
42
contour of the gingiva
gingival margins should be scalloped in form and firmly attached (healthy gingiva)
43
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the gingiva
oral epithelium
44
nonkeratinized thin squamous epithelium without presence of rete pegs
sulcular epithelium
45
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
| collar like band of stratified squamous epithelium
junctional epithelium
46
how many cells are present in the junctional epithelium near the sulcus?
10-29 cells
47
how many cells are present in the junctional epithelium at the apical end?
2-3 cells
48
junctional epithelium are attached via?
hemidesmosomes
49
transudate that emerges from the gingival sulcus
GCF
50
GCF stands for?
gingivocrevicular fluid
51
it will become exudate if there is an inflammation
GCF
52
gingival fibers are composed of what type of collagen?
type I collagen
53
refers to the irregular surface texture of the attached gingiva similar to the surface of an orange peel
stipplings
54
stipplings are not usually visible at the age of?
6 years old
55
result from the absence of stipplings
1. edema pf the underlying connective tissue
2. inflammatory degradation of gingival collagen fibers
3. normal variation in gingival topography
56
collar tissue that is not attached to the tooth or alveolar bone
free gingiva
57
most coronal portion of the gingiva
gingival margin
58
demarcation of the free gingiva to attached gingiva
free gingival groove
59
shallow groove between the marginal gingiva and the tooth surface
gingival sulcus
60
bound by sulcular epithelium lateral and JE (junctional epithelium) apically
gingival sulcus
61
the gingiva that occupies the interdental space coronal to the alveolar crest
interdental gingiva
62
present between the free gingiva and alveolar mucosa
attached gingiva
63
separates attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa
mucogingival junction
64
radiographic evident which is most accurate for bone loss assessment
bitewing
65
measurement in mm from the gingical margin down to the deepest point reached by the probe
periodontal pocket depth
66
probing force
25g
67
measurement in mm from the CEJ down to the deepest point reached by the probe
attachment loss
68
allows slight movement of tooth to accomodate masticatory forces
physiologic tooth mobility
69
increased mobility as a result of connective tissue attachment loss
pathologic mobility
70
Miller's classification wherein there is > or = 1mm mobility
grade II
71
Miller's classification wherein there is horizontal mobility
grade I
72
Miller's classification wherein there is > 2mm and vertical mobility
grade III
73
Glickman furcation classification (Naber's probe) wherein there is incipient bone loss. furcation probe can feel the depression of the furcation opening
grade I
74
Glickman furcation classification (Naber's probe) wherein there is partial bone loss. probe enters under the roof ofthe furcation
grade II
75
Glickman furcation classification (Naber's probe) wherein there is total bone loss with through-and-through opening of the furcation. not visible clinically
grade III
76
Glickman furcation classification (Naber's probe) wherein it is like grade III furcation but it is visible clinically
grade IV
77
hard bristle toothbrush is capable of causing gingival recession and abrasion
toothbrush trauma
78
v shaped notches inthe cervical area of the teeth and gingival cleft
toothbrush trauma
79
most prominent teeth in the dental arch that acquires toothbrush trauma
canines and premolars
80
drugs that causes gingival overgrowth
(1)phenytion, (2) nifedipine, (3) cyclosporine
```
others:
Ca channel blockers (verpamil, felodipine, diltazem, amlodipine)
Mycophenolate (immunosuppressant)
Sertraline (antidepressant)
Pimozide (antipsychotic)
```
81
condition where pocketing occurs without attachment loss
pseudopocketing
82
there is an expansion of gingival coronally NOT apically
pseudopocketing
83
vascular phase of inflammation
initially starts with VASOCONSTRICTION
-> complement system activation and mediator release: c3b -> c5a -> histamine -> vasodilation -> hyperemia -> increased vascular permeability
84
cellular phase of inflammation
adhesion -> margination -> diapedesis -> chemotaxis -> phagocytosis
neutrophils -> macrophages -> lymphocytes/eosinophils
85
its objective is to provide a smooth, clean, hard polished root surface
scaling and root planing
86
best criterion for the succes of scaling and root planing is?
no evidence of bleeding on probing (BOP)
87
narrow, delicate instrument having either one or two cutting edges or working surfaces
end of the edges: rounded
smaller than scalers
provide atraumatic entry to the subgingival space
peridontal curette
88
peridontal pockets are NOT caused by Occlusal Trauma
walang sagot. additional information lang. hihihihi 😊😁😬💁🏻
89
excessive force applied applied to the teth with normal structures
primary occlusal trauma
90
excessive force to the teeth with inadequate support
secondary occlusal trauma
91
eliminate prematurities first in centric relation -> protrusive movements -> lateral excursive movements
selective grinding
92
aggressive, repetitive and continuous grinding, gritting or clenching of the teeth
bruxism
93
treatment for bruxism
nightguard
94
etiology of gingiva and periodontal diseases
microbial plaque
95
functions as a protective barrier against dessication and also substrate for bacterial attachment
pellicle
96
what are the process of plaque formation?
1. molecular adsorption
2. bacterial adhesion
3. sequential adsorption
4. growth of extracellular matrix
97
indicated on permanent teeth with IMMATURE APICES
no particular pathoses
6-8 months
application of calcium hydroxide or MTA
indirect pulp capping
98
what type of bacteria adheres in the initial colonization in plaque formation?
gram (+) facultative anaerobic cocci
99
in sequential adsorption in the process of plaque formation, gram (+) bacteria shift to?
gram (-) bacteria obligate anaerobic bacteria
100
what bacteria are present in the growth of extracellular matrix in the process of plaque formation?
gram (+) rods particularly actinomycetes
101
how does plaque cause disease?
| day 0? day 2-4? day 6-10?
day 0: gram (+) cocci and rods
day 2-4: cocci still present but RODS and FILAMENTS increase
day 6-10: presence of VIBRIOS and SPIROCHETES
102
mineralized plaque formed by bathing in a highly concentrated solution of calcium and phosphorus
calculus
103
how much inorganic components are present in calculus?
70-90%
| 2/3 of inorganic is made up of crystalline in structure
104
deposits found below the free gingival margin
subgingival calcular deposits
105
deposits found above the free gingival margin
supragingival calcular deposits
106
deposits are usually white or pale yellow
supragingival calcular deposits
107
deposits are usually dark due to pigments
subgingival calcular deposits
108
58% hydroxyappatite crystals are usually detected in?
in all supragingival calculus
109
magnesium whitelock (21%) are usually located in?
posterior areas
110
octocalcium phosphate (12%) are detected in?
supragingival calculus
111
9% brushite are located in?
mandibular anterior region
112
associated with plaque
no loss of attachment
no bone loss
gingivitis
113
stages of developing gingivitis
1. transient stage
2. developing stage
3. chronic stage
4. advance stage
114
stage in gingivitis wherein it occurs within 2-4 days after cessation of oral hygiene
transient stage
115
stage in gingivitis wherein PMN are predominant cells
transient stage
116
stage in gingivitis wherein LYMPHOCYTES are the predominant cells
developing stage
117
stage in gingivitis wherein area of collagen destruction becomes larger and is occupied by fluid that contains proteins (fibrin, IgA)
developing stage
118
stage in gingivitis wherein the cytologic characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrate in the gingival lamina propria are changed
chronic stage
119
stage in gingivitis wherein plasma cells are the predominant cells
chronic stage
120
stage in gingivitis wherein the initial stage of periodontitits starts
advance stage
121
stage in gingivitis wherein changes within the supportive bone occurs as the inflammatory process continues
advance stage
122
most common complaint of pregnancy gingivitis
gingival bleeding
123
etioloy of pregnancy gingivitis
increase circulation levels of estrogen, and progesterone
124
treatment of pregnancy gingivitis
oral hygiene and scaling
125
characterized by interproximal necrosis and pseudomembrane formation on marginal tissue
ANUG (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)
126
other terms for ANUG? (2)
vincent's infection/ vincent's stomatitis
| trench mouth
127
affects only the gingiva
| soreness, bleeding gums and FETID ODOR
ANUG
128
treatment for ANUG
debridement, hydrogen peroxide rinses and antibiotic therapy
129
most superficial layer consisting of bacteria in the histopathology of gingivitis
bacterial zone
130
dead cells and a fibrin meshwork predominate in the histopathology of gingivitis
necrotic zone
131
connective tissue inflammation because of spirochetes in the histopathology of gingivitis
zone of spirochetal infiltration
132
gingivitis infected with HIV
HIV gingivitis
133
gingivitis characterized by a defined linear marginal gingival erythema
HIV gingivitis
134
inflammation of the periodontium
periodontitis
135
histologically, it is marked by apical migration of the junctional epithelium from the CEJ, loss of CT attachment, loss of periodontal ligament and destruction of bone
periodontitis
136
type of peridontitis wherein there are
localized periodontitis
137
type of peridontitis wherein there are >30% of the sites involved
generalized periodontitis
138
range of clinical attachment loss of slight periodontitis
1 or 2mm
139
range of clinical attachment loss of moderate periodontitis
3-4mm
140
range of clinical attachment loss of severe periodontitis
> 5mm
141
stages of periodontitis
1. early
2. moderate
3. advanced
142
stage of periodontitis wherein there are areas of localized erosion of the alveolar bone crest
early
143
stage of periodontitis wherein there is rounding of the junction between the crest and lamina dura in posterior region
early
144
stage of periodontitis wherein there is destruction of alveolar bone beyond early changes
moderate
145
stage of periodontitis wherein it may include the buccal or lingual plate, generalized horizontal or vertical defects and possible tooth mobility
moderate
146
stage of periodontitis wherein bone loss is extensive that the remaining teeth show excessive mobility and drifting
advance
147
2 bacteria that predominate generalized aggressive periodontitis
prevotella
| eikenella corrodens
148
type of aggressive periodontitis that occurs between ages 12-25 and is characterized by rapid, severe periodontal destruction
generalized AP
149
type of aggressive periodontitis which has a weak serum response
generalized AP
150
type of aggressive periodontitis which has a strong serum response
localized AP
151
2 bacteria that are present in the localized aggressive periodontitis
AA and capnocytophagia
152
slow progressive disease
| formerly known as adult periodontitis
chronic periodontitis
153
type of chronic periodontitis that occures in 30% or more of the sites
generalized CP
154
type of chronic periodontitis that occures in less than 30% of the sites
localized CP
155
eliminate periodontal pockets by changing the existing bony topography
osseous surgery
156
peridontal surgery that DOES NOT CURE PERIODONTAL DISEASE
osseous surgery
157
bone taken from patient's own body
autograft
158
bone taken from another person, same species
allograft
159
bone taken from another species like Bovine bone
xenograft
160
termed as synthetic bone
alloplast
161
reshape the gingiva and papilla of a tooth for correction of deformities
gingivoplasty
162
procedure in which pocket depth is eliminated by resecting the tissue coronal to the pocket base
gingivectomy
163
contraindications of gingivectomy
infrabone pockets and lack of keratinized tissue
164
Okay?
Okay. 🌠🌠🌠
165
creates a space via placement of nonresorbable or resorbable barrier over a bony defect
guided tissue regeneration (GTR)
166
periodontal flap surgery before scaling and root planing (SRP)
modified widman flap
167
full thickness flap used for debridement
modified widman flap
168
heals by repair usually via long JE and CT adhesion or attachment
modified widman flap
169
periodontal surgery used for gaining access in underlying roots
modified widman flap
170
full thickness flap is elevated and necessary
apical positioned flap
171
the gingiva is reposition at the crest of the bone
apical positioned flap
172
it requires vertical incision
| to ensure that there will be no pocket remains
apically positioned flap
173
reduces excess tissue and provides access for underlying bone
distal wedge procedure
174
performed in maxillary tuberosity, retromolar triangle and distal to the last tooth in the arch
distal wedge procedure
175
prevents ingrowth of long junctional epithelium and gingival connective tissue
retrieved after 6-10 weeks
GTR
176
in guided tissue regeneration (GTR), is polyetrafluoroethylene resorbable or nonresorbable?
nonresorbable
177
in guided tissue regeneration (GTR), is collagen, calcium sulfate and polyacetic acid resorbable or nonresorbable?
resorbable
178
reshaping or recontouring of the bone
| does not provide attachment for the perio fibers
osteoplasty
179
removal of bone defects or infrabony pockets
ostectomy
180
root amputation is indicated for what teeth?
max molars usually 1st and 2nd
181
should root amputation be done with RCT or not?
root amputation MUST BE done with RCT
182
vertical splitting of the tooth
hemisection
183
should hemisection be done with RCT or not?
hemisection MUST BE done with RCT
184
hemisection is indicated for what teeth?
mandibular molar teeth
185
donor tissue is in edentulous region or palatal area
autogenous free gingival graft
186
the greatest amount of shrinkage of autogenous free gingival graft occurs within how many weeks?
within the first 6 weeks
187
complications of autogenous free gingival graft?
disruption of vascular supply and infection
188
procedure is indicated whenever the clinical crown length is inadequate for the restoration
crown lengthening
189
in crown lengthening, it should have _____ between the margin of the preparation and the crest of the bone to ensure adequate crown
3mm
190
in crown lengthening, it should maintain the biological width of how many millimeters?
2.04mm
191
if there is presence of inflammation in the PDL, what kind of physical examination should you use?
percussion test
192
what kind of physical examination should you use if inflammation spreads to the overlying periodontium?
palpation
193
provides information if there is a root fracture or pathosis of pulpal in origin
periodontal probing
194
long term progression of cracked tooth
split tooth
195
endodontically treated teeth are more susceptible to this fracture
vertical root fracture
196
MD in direction
| pain in chewing and thermal stimulus is common
cracked tooth
197
most common teeth to be affected in cracked tooth?
mandibular molars
198
diagnostic tests to be used in cracked tooth?
tactile examination
| "tooth slot" bite test
199
how would you execute tactile examination in cracked tooth?
scratch the tooth surface with a sharp explorer = elicit painful response
200
treatment indicated on permanent teeth with IMMATURE APICES
no periradicular pathoses
6-8 months
indirect pulp capping
201
what will you apply in indirect pulp capping?
calcium hydroxide or MTA
202
mechanical or traumatic vital exposure as long as hemorrhage is easily controlled
direct pulp capping
203
both indirect and direct pulp capping will induce the formation of?
reparative dentin
204
surgical removal of the coronal portion of a vital pulp
pulpotomy
205
treatment used if there is irreversible pulpitis of primary teeth
if in permanent, it may cause canal obliteration
pulpotomy
206
procedural complication that arises when there is inadequate use of irrigant and lack of attention to preparation of glide path
ledge
207
procedural complication wherein there is mechanical or pathologic communication between the root canal system and the external tooth surface
perforation
208
persistent periradicular pathosis following RCT
root-end resection
209
most widely used intracoronal bleaching agent
superoxol
210
procedure of intracoronal bleaching
1. rubber dam isolation
2. application of cement barrier in the cervical area
3. bleaching
4. temporary restoration
5. monitor for color change in 3-4 days
6. if +, remove!
211
in intracoronal bleaching, you may also use ________ mixed with saline
sodium perborate
212
removal of tooth discoloration using chemical oxidizing agents
intracoronal bleaching
213
create an apical barrier in a necrotic tooth with an open apex
apexification
214
application of what paste will you use in apexification?
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE PASTE
| other method: MTA
215
how many months will apexification usually last?
3-6 months
216
procedure in apexogenesis
1. coronal access
2. pulp amputation
3. control the hemorrhage
4. place CaOH over the radicular pulp stump
5. place coronal filling
6. recall every 3 months
7. there should be dentinal bridge and continued apical development
8. then RCT is indicated
217
(3) triangular root canal anatomy
maxillary: CI, 1st molar, 2nd molar
218
(2) trapezoidal root canal anatomy
mandibular: 1st molar, 2nd molar
219
root canal instrumentation and obturation should stop about _____ short of the radiographic apex
1.0 mm
220
cut aggressively than K-files BUT MORE PRONE TO BREAKAGE
hedstrom file
221
composed of a slender stainless steel shank with a cutting bulb and pilot-tip
gates-glidden bur
222
designed so that a fracture occurs near the hub rather than between the shank and the cutting bulb
gates-glidden bur
223
size of the cutting bulb of the gates-glidden bur
0.5-1.5 mm in diameter
224
clear, pale, greenish yellow, strongly alkaline liquid with a chlorine order
sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
225
has a solvent action in organic tissue and debris and is a potent ANTIMICROBIAL agent
sodium hypochlorite
226
concentration of irrigating solution of choice
0.5-5.25%
227
bleaching effect percentage
>5.25%
228
irrigating solution less toxic than NaOCl
chlorhexidine (CHX)
229
brand name of chlorhexidine
peridex (12%)
230
also used for removing smear layer before obturation
EDTA
231
active ingredient in root canal preparation
EDTA
232
interappointment dressing
calcium hydroxide
233
an odorless, basic white powder for calcification and inhibiting resorption
calcium hydroxide
234
used to obturate root canals in conjunction with sealers
gutta percha
235
gutta percha is pliable at room temp and plastic at ____F
140F
236
gutta percha is dissolved in solvents such as
chloroform, xylol, eucalyptol
237
used to fill the discrepancies between the canal walls and core materials
sealers
238
if extra oral dry time is >60 minutes, what would you do?
DO NOT REPLANT!
239
what is the function of metallic salts in gutta percha?
to make the gutta percha radiopaque in the radiograph
240
best medium for avulsed tooth re implantation
hank's balanced salt solution or milk
241
other medium used for avulsed tooth to be reimplanted
saline and saliva
242
normal intrapulpal pressure
5-14mmHg
243
irreversible pulpitis pressure
35 mmHg
244
when patient is lying down, there is pain elicited on the tooth. this indicates?
irreversible pulpitis
245
percussion per cusp
tooth sloth bite test
246
if cracked tooth is left untreated, it may lead to
split tooth
247
complication that may arise in lateral compaction
vertical root fracture
248
also known as apicoectomy
root end resection
249
tx for direct and indirect pulp capping
CaOH or MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)
250
depth to pulpal horn in pulpotomy
1.8mm
251
removing specific pulp infected
CVEK'S PULPOTOMY
252
if there is profused bleeding in pulpotomy
1. cut small portion of periradicular pulp
2. observe if there is still bleeding
3. if there is still bleeding, cut again
253
for pulpotomy
Buckley's formocresol
under formocresol:
1. formaldehyde
2. tricresol
3. glycerine
254
pulpotomy for permanent
CaOH
255
pulpotomy for primary teeth
formocresol
256
calcium hydroxide may lead to
internal root resorption
257
other term for internal root resorption
pink tooth of mummary
258
poorest prognosis in perforation
perforation in bifurcation
259
apicoectomy procedure
1. flap
2. bone
3. trephination
4. MTA
260
aka hemisection
premolarization
261
bleaching agent for non viral
sodium perborate
262
bleaching agent for vital teeth
hydrogen peroxide
263
most common adverse effect of RCT
discoloration
264
2 types of bleaching techniques
in-office
| walk-in
265
other term for in-office non vital bleaching
thermocatalytic bleaching
266
other term for in-office vital bleaching
power bleaching
267
mechanism of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching
oxidation of organic pigments
268
rubber dam while bleaching to avoid
cervical resorption or external cervical resorption
