Endotherms Short Answers Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the 6 Key Features of Mammals?
Fur, lactation, differentiated teeth, large brain, endothermy, high metabolic rate.
What are the 6 Key Features of Birds?
Wings/feathers, extended parental care (eggs), no teeth, large brains, endothermy, high metabolic rate.
How do Endotherms Produce Heat when Active?
Muscular movement, energy from food.
How do Endotherms Produce Heat when at Rest?
Heart, liver, internal organs, brown adipose tissue.
How much Higher is O2 Consumption and Energy Use for Endotherms?
4 - 10x ectotherms.
What are the 2 Ways to Measure BMR?
Measure heat production when fasting and resting, measure O2 consumption.
What are the 3 Advantages of Endothermy?
High speed, greater endurance, buffered from environmental extremes.
What are the 4 Adaptations for Cold Climates?
Shivering/muscle activity, insulation, circulation, behaviour.
How can Animals use Circulation to Control Heat?
Vein location (close = heat loss), adjust blood flow.
how does the Counter Current Exchange Work?
Artery blood warms up veins if they are close enough.
How does Temperature Relate to Metabolism?
Decreased temperature = Increased metabolism.
What are the 4 Adaptations for Heat?
Decreasing insulation, circulation, evaporative heat loss, behaviour.
How do Red Kangaroos Prevent Overheating?
Veins near skin receive more blood, lick their forearms to facilitate evaporative cooling.
What is the Path of Oxygen Followed by Mammalian Lungs?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
How do Mammalian Lungs Trap Foreign Particles?
Epithelium lined with cilia and mucus.
How do Mammals Inhale?
Diaphragm contracts, rib cage expands as rib muscles contract.
How do Mammals Exhale?
Diaphragm relaxes, rib cage gets smaller as rib muscles relax.
How do Avian Lungs Compare to Mammalian Lungs?
More complex, faveolar lungs with airsacs, one-way system with no residual volume.
What are 4 Avian Characteristics?
Cross current gas exchange, large heart, high capillary in muscle, muscles have high aerobic capacity.
How do High Flying Birds Compare to Low Fliers?
Larger lungs, increased O2 affinity haemoglobin, increased capillarity, greater aerobic capacity in flight muscle.
How do Lizards Breathe?
Trunk bends laterally forcing air from one lung to another (can’t run and breathe).
What is the Function of Incisors?
Seizing food.
What is the Function of Canines?
Stabbing prey/social signals.
What is the Function of Premolars?
Piercing and slicing.