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Physics (Triple) > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What are all of the energy stores called?

A

1) Magnetic
2) Kinetic
3) Thermal
4) Elastic Potential
5) Chemical
6) Electrostatic
7) Nuclear
8) Gravitational Potential

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2
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy stored by an object’s movement.

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3
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

The energy stored in objects raised above the Earth’s surface.

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4
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

The energy stored by the chemical bonds between atoms

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5
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

The energy stored when an object is being stretched, compressed or squashed.

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6
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

The nuclear energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (can be released by radioactive decay)

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7
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

The energy is the sum of kinetic energy stored in the particles of an object and the chemic energy stored in chemical bonds between particles in the object.

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8
Q

What is the equation of kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x velocity²

Ek = ½ x m x v²

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9
Q

What is the equation of gravitational potential energy?

A

Change in gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x change in height

Ep = m x g x h

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10
Q

What is the equation of elastic potential energy?

A

Elastic potential = ½ x spring constant x extension²

Ee = ½ x k x e²

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11
Q

What is the principle of the conservation of energy?

A

That energy cannot be created or destroyed.

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12
Q

What are the four energy transfers?

A

1) Electrical work
2) Mechanical work
3) Heating
4) Waves

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13
Q

What happens to object when heated?

A

It increases the amount of energy in its thermal store

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14
Q

What are the five examples of energy conversion?

A

1) A moving object hitting an obstacle
2) A vehicle slowing down
3) An object projected forwards
4) An object accelerated by a constant force
5) Bringing water to a boil in an electric kettle

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15
Q

When an object is projected upwards, what store is its energy in at its highest point?

A

Gravity potential

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16
Q

What is electrical work?

A

An electrical current transfers energy from one object to another, such as a battery powering a torch.

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17
Q

What is mechanical work?

A

Energy transferred from one object to another via a force.

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18
Q

What is heating (conversions of energy)?

A

Heating an object transfers energy to the objects internal (thermal) store of the energy.

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19
Q

What are waves (conservation of energy)?

A

Light and other types of waves can transfer energy from one object to another

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20
Q

What is the equation of work done?

A

Work done = force x distance

W = F x d

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21
Q

What could cause more work done?

A
  • Push with the same force for a longer distance
  • Or push with a larger force for the same distance
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22
Q

What is transferred to an object that has had work done on it?

A

Energy

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23
Q

What is the equation of work done (when a current flows)?

A

Energy = potential difference x current x time

E = I x V x t

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24
Q

What is the equation for electrical energy?

A

Energy = charge x potential difference

E = Q x V

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25
What is the equation for power? (Work done)
Power = work done ÷ time P = E ÷ t
26
What is power the rate of?
Energy transfer
27
What happens to wasted energy?
Wasted energy dissipates (spreads out) to anything nearby.
28
What are the equations for efficiency?
Efficiency = (useful power output / total power input) x 100 Efficiency = (useful energy output / total energy input) x 100
29
How can we reduce unwanted energy transfer?
- Walls in homes - Lubrication - Thermal insulation
30
How can walls in homes decrease unwanted energy?
Decrease the rate a house cools down by: - having thicker walls - having walls made of a material with lower thermal conductivity
31
How can lubrication reduce unwanted energy transfer?
- Lubrication reduces frictional forces - Lubricants are normally liquids - Lubricants can reduce the friction between the surfaces of objects that are rubbing together - A moving object normally has at least one frictional force against it, causing some energy to be dissipated
32
How can thermal insulation reduce unwanted energy transfer?
Heat will be lost through the roof, windows, walls and floor. - Fit loft insulation - Use double glazing - Fit carpets - Use cavity wall insulation
33
What is the equation of power (energy transfer)?
Power = energy transferred ÷ time P = E ÷ t
34
What is the equation for power (work done)?
Power = work done ÷ time P = W ÷ t
35
What is energy resources used to do?
To generate electricity
36
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
- Not renewable - Inefficient - Contributes to global warming
37
What are the advantages of fossil fuels?
- Reliable on-demand electricity
38
What are the disadvantages of geothermal energy?
- Can only be used where there is volcanic activity close to the surface - Geothermal plants can lead to the instability of the land surrounding it
39
What are the advantages of geothermal energy?
- Renewable - Reliable - Does not produce greenhouse gases
40
What are the 7 different types of energy resources?
- Geothermal - Solar - Nuclear - Tidal - Hydroelectric - Wind - Fossil fuels
41
What are the advantages of wind power?
- Source of renewable energy - Relatively low cost - They don't take up much land space
42
What are the disadvantages of wind power?
- Unreliable, only produces power when wind blows - Can cause noise pollution - Can be considered ugly or an eyesore
43
What are the advantages of hydroelectric power (water)?
- Renewable - More reliable than wind and solar - Capable of producing lots of energy
44
What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power (water)?
- Hydroelectric dams often change the paths of rivers, which causes people to move out of houses and harm local wildlife. - Can be affected by droughts and variation in water flow over time - There are fewer and fewer suitable places to build a dam
45
What are the advantages of tidal energy?
- Renewable source of energy - Does not produce greenhouse gases - Tides are a predictable phenomenon
46
What are the disadvantage of tidal energy?
- Does not produce electricity continuously - The creation of tidal turbines can damage fragile ecosystems in estuaries - Turbines must be built close to the shore, affecting communities that live there
47
What kind of energy stores are the waves and tides of the sea?
Kinetic store
48
What are the disadvantages of nuclear energy?
- Nuclear waste is radioactive and potentially dangerous if not disposed of properly - Nuclear waste has a very long half-life, which will continue to be dangerous for a very long time
49
What are the advantages of nuclear energy?
- No greenhouse gas emissions, so no contribution to global warming - Reliable, on-demand electricity
50
What are the disadvantages of solar energy?
- Only produces electricity when there is sunlight - High cost of installation - Solar cells are currently not very efficient at converting sunlight into energy.
51
What are the advantages of solar energy?
- Renewable - Produces no greenhouse gases - Produces no noise pollution
52
What is the origin of the energy stored in fossil fuels?
The sun
53
What does non-renewable mean?
The resources will one day run out
54
What does renewable mean?
That resources will never run out
55
For which purpose is geothermal energy used most often?
Heating
56
How has the use of electricity changed over time?
In the 20th century, electricity use increased in the UK because the population in the UK grew bigger. Whereas in the 21st century, the usage of electricity has been decreasing in the UK.
57
Why has the use of electricity been decreasing in the UK?
- Appliances are becoming more efficient - People are concerned how much energy is being used at home
58
Why has energy resources changed over time?
- Technological advances - Environmental concerns - Changing costs
59
What are three problems with renewable energy sources?
1) They cost more 2) They are less reliable 3) Politics can interfere
60
When pressure is applied to a trampoline, where is its energy being stored?
Elastic potential store
61
Which two energy sources are added together to calculate the object's internal store?
Kinetic store and Chemical store

Physics (Triple) (7 decks)

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