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Physics IGCSE > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transfered from one form into another

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2
Q

energy transfer of lighting a match

A

kinetic energy + chemical energy –> heat energy –> light energy

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3
Q

energy transfer in a circuit where a bulb lights

A

electrical –> heat –> light

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4
Q

energy transfer of a falling pen

A

gravitational potential energy –> knetic energy

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5
Q

energy transfer of a sound generator

A

electrical –> kinetic energy –> sound

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6
Q

what is a electrical transfer

A

the conversion of electrical energy into other forms of energy

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6
Q

what is a mechanical transfer

A

a car spplies a force and transfers chemical energy into kinetic energy

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6
Q

energy transfer of putting 100g on a spring

A

gravitational potential energy –> elastic + kinetic

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6
Q

energy transfer of an atomic bomb explosion

A

nuclear –> heat –> gravitational potential energy + light + kinetic + sound

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7
Q

what is a heating transfer

A

thermal energy is transferred from hot objects to cold objects while cooking

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8
Q

what is a radiation transfer

A

the sun transfers energy from itself to the earth by light waves

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9
Q

what does efficiency always having a value less than one tell us

A

that during the energy transfer there is always some “less useful” energy being produces (usually heat and sound)

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10
Q

what does the width of the arrow mean in a sankey diagram

A

they are in proportion to the amount of energy involved

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11
Q

what does the arrow down mean

A

less useful energy

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12
Q

what doesn’t matter in a sankey diagram

A

the length

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13
Q

what does a sankey diagram show

A

the energy efficency

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14
Q

How is wind transfered by energy

A

sun
sun heats air
air moves making wind
wind spins tubine
turbine spins generator
generator produces electricity

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15
Q

how is solar heating system transfered by energy

A

solar energy is released by nuclear fusion by the sun
solar cells convert the light into electrical energy

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16
Q

advantages of solar heating system

A

solar energy is a renewable energy resource and there are no costs
no harmful polluting gases are produces

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17
Q

what are disadvantages of solar heating systems

A

space is needed for installing solar cells
solar cells do not work at night

18
Q

how is hydroelectric power generated

A

hydroelectric schemes use a dam to clock a vallry or a major river which creates a reservoir behind the dam
once the water has built the dam it is released by valves through turbines
the turbines turn generators to produce electricity

19
Q

advantages of hydroelectricity

A

clean and renewable
valves can be opened quickly to produce energy
no pollution when running

20
Q

disadvantages of hydroelectricity

A

objections from people in the surrounding enviroment
affects wildlife by flooding the valley
contruction of dams in expensive

21
Q

how do geothermal resources work

A

hot water and steam from deep underground can be used drive turbines

22
Q

explain how volcanic areas create energy

A

several types of rock contain radioactive substances such as uranium
the radioactivity releases heat energy which warms up the rocks
this then will heat the water so it rises to the surface
the steam is then used to drive tubines and electricity generators

23
Q

explain how hot rocks generate electricity

A

the rocks are hot no there is no hot water or steam which rises
so deep wells can be drilled down to the hot rocks and cold water pumped down
the water runs through the fracture in the rocks is heated up
it returns to the surface as hot water and steam and then generates electricity

24
Q

how does tidal power generate electricity

A

huge amounts of water move in and out of river mouths each day becuase of the tides
the moving water has kenetic energy
a tidal barrage is a barrier built over a river mouth to make use of the kinetic energy in the moving water
the barrage contains electricity generators which are driven by the water rushing through tubes in the barrage

kinetic energy of moving water –> electrical energy

25
Q

how does wave energy work

A

sea waves move up and down to drive turines directly to generate electricity

kinetic energy of the waves –> electrical energy

26
Q

how does coal generate electricity

A

the hot coal heats water turning it into steam
the steam builds up to a very high pressure and this is used to spin a turbine
the turbine is connected to an electrical generator which creates electricity

27
Q

how does gas generate electricity

A

shale gas is obtained by a prosses called fracking, which involves cracking large rock underground

28
Q

how does solar cell create electricity

A

solar power turns energy from sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells. The most common material used in pv panels is solicon that when exposed to light releases electrons that move into an electrical circuit

29
Q

how does nuclear power generate electricity

A

heat is used to change water into steam in a boiler
the steam drives the turbine (heat to kinetic)
this drives the generator to produce electricity (kinetic to electrical)

30
Q

what is conduction

A

The transfer of heat energy through the vibrations of particles in a medium. The particles bump into nearby particles and make them vibrate

31
Q

what is convection

A

particles with more heat energy move and take the place of particles with less heat energy. The heated molecules take up more space and rise to the top, while the cooler molecules sink to the bottom. It can only happen in liquids and gases

32
Q

what is radiation

A

The amount of radiation depends on -The temperature of the object (hotter = more radiation) The colour of the object (black = more radiation) The surface area of the object (greater surface area = more area for radiation to be emitted from)

33
Q

what is an experiment for conduction

A

placing ball bearings onto different metals onto a ring conductor with a little bit of wax
the conduction ring is heated the metal that conducts the best will mean the ball will drop first

34
Q

what is an experiment for convection

A

place postassium permanganate crystals in a beaker of water (one hot one cold)
then heat the breaker with a bunsen burner
the hot water creates a faster convection current becuase the high the temperature the high the kinetic energy

35
Q

what is an experiment for radiation

A

the color of the flasks are different (black, dull grey, white and silver)
hot water is placed in the flasks and the temperature is recorded
the one that cools the fastest is the poorest emitter
the one that cools the slowest is the best emitter

36
Q

what is double glazing

A

windows made with 2 panes of glass seperated by a gap filled with air or an insulating gas
the gap acts as a barrier reducing heat transfer
the insulating properties of double glazing help to keep the interior warm or cold

37
Q

what is loft insulation

A

adding a layer of insulating material such as mineral wool, fibreglass or foam boards to the floor of the roof or loft space
heat rises so it traps the heat

38
Q

what is a mylar blanket

A

they are known as emergency blankets
the reflectice material helps to trap a persons body heat and reflect it bac twoards them

39
Q

how does a thick wooly jumper work

A

a wooly jumper is made from wool fibres which provides insulation
wool has tiny air pockets which retain heat and also absorb moisture without feeling damp and helping to regulate body temperature

40
Q

what is work

A

whenever an energy transfer takes place

41
Q

what is power

A

when an energy transfer takes place over time we can calculate the power generated
power is the rate of doing work

42
Q

what is weight

A

the force of gravity which pulls an object down to the ground

43
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

objects which are moving have kinetic energy
it depends n the mass and speed of an object

44
Q

what is gravitational potential energy

A

when an object is raised above the ground it gains GPE
the amount gained depends of the mass of the object and the strength of the gravitation field

45
Q

what are energy transfers

A

as objects fall they loose GPE and KE
is there is no air resistance this will be a 100% efficient process

Physics IGCSE (6 decks)

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