Energy

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

Obtain organic compounds by converting inorganic matter. They are also called producers.

Question 2

Heterotrophs

Answer 2

Obtain organic compounds from autotrophs or other heterotrophs. They are also called consumers.

Question 3

Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

Answer 3

Obtains energy from carbon fixation, inorganic chemical reactions in a process known
as chemosynthesis.

Question 4

Photosynthetic Autotrophs

Answer 4

Obtains energy from carbon fixation, using light or solar energy.

Question 5

Photosynthesis Formula

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide + water + (light energy) glucose + oxygen

Question 6

Biomass

Answer 6

The total quantity of biological matter of a group of organisms in a given area.

Question 7

Trophic level and how much energy is passed up.

Answer 7

An organism’s place in a food chain or web, only 10% of the energy is passed up a trophic level, leaving 90% of energy lost by the time it reaches the top trophic level.

Question 8

Cellular Respiration Formula

Answer 8

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + Chemical Energy

Question 9

Water Cycle (4 stages)

Answer 9

1. Evaporation
   Sun energy causes water to evaporate into water vapor which enters the atmosphere.
2. Precipitation
   Water vapor is cooled by the air and then precipitates.
3. Transpiration
   Water runs through plants.
4. Run off
   Water returns to larger bodies of water.

Question 10

Carbon Cycle

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere:
1. Photosynthesis
Plants use carbon to make their food source.
2. Respiration
Organisms release carbon back into the atmosphere.
3. Decomposition
Decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing stored carbon back into atmosphere or into soil.
4. Carbon Storage in Oceans
Marine organisms use stored carbon for photosynthesis.
5. Combustion
Carbon from dead organisms buried and turned into fossil fuels, when burned, released into atmosphere.
6. Carbon Sequestration
Carbon stored in earth’s crust, rocks, deep ocean.

Question 11

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 11

1. Nitrogen Fixation
   Nitrogen in atmosphere converted into ammonia.
2. Ammonification
   Organic nitrogen from dead organisms are converted into ammonia.
3. Nitrification
   Ammonia converted to nitrites then nitrates by nitrifying bacteria in soil or water.
4. Assimilation
   Plants absorb nitrates and build proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules.
5. Denitrification
   Nitrates converted back to nitrogen by bacteria in oxygen-poor environments. Nitrogen back in atmosphere.