Inheritance

Question 1

Karyotype

Answer 1

An image or picture of the full set of chromosomes from an individual’s cell.

Question 2

Karyotypes For Humans (Male and Female)

Answer 2

Male:
- 22 pairs of autosomes (any chromosome that’s not a sex chromosome)
- Two sex chromosomes (also known as allosomes)

Females:
- 22 pairs of autosomes
- Two X chromosomes

Question 3

Block Mutations

Answer 3

• Mutations that affect large portions of a chromosome.
• Mostly happen during meiosis or caused by mutagens

Question 4

5 Types of Block Mutations

Answer 4

1. Duplication
   - Replication of a section of a chromosome that results in multiple copies of the same genes on that chromosome.
2. Deletion
   - Disrupted or missing genes and results in change in gene expression.
3. Inversion
   - Section of the double-stranded polynucleotide chains break off the chromosomes, rotates 180° and reattaches to the same chromosome.
4. Insertion
   - Section of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome.
5. Translocation
   - Whole chromosome or a segment of a chromosome becomes attached to or exchanged with another chromosome or segment.

Question 5

Non-disjunction

Answer 5

• In meiosis and mitosis, chromosomes fail to separate correctly.
• In mitosis, sister chromatids
• In meiosis, homologous chromosomes

Question 6

Aneuploidy

Answer 6

Error in chromosome separation, that results in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.

Question 7

Trisomy 21

Answer 7

Extra chromosome 21, results in Down syndrome.

Question 8

XXY Syndrome

Answer 8

• Klinefelter syndrome
• Males have two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome
• Infertile, pronounced breast structure

Question 9

Monosomy X

Answer 9

• Turner syndrome
• Only in females
• One X chromosome
• Infertile, short structure

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Set of alleles present in the DNA of an individual organism, result of inheritance.

Question 11

Homozygous Inheritance

Answer 11

Inheriting same alleles from each parent.

Question 12

Heterozygous Inheritance

Answer 12

Inheriting different alleles from each parent.