Energy

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

Energy Metabolism

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

4 kcal/g

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

4 kcal/g

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

9 kcal/g

Question 5

Energy

Answer 5

The capability to do work (w=fd)

Question 6

Chemical Energy

Answer 6

Potential energy in food (calories)

Question 7

Calorie (cal)

Answer 7

Amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Question 8

kcal

Answer 8

1,000 cal

Question 9

Megacalorie (Mcal)

Answer 9

one million calories

Question 10

Joule

Answer 10

Standard unit for energy (work); energy required to displace 1 newton, 1 meter

Question 11

1 calorie

Answer 11

4.184 joules

Question 12

Watt

Answer 12

1 J/sec

Question 13

Horsepower

Answer 13

746 J/sec

Question 14

55 LB AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD

Answer 14

Energy expended per second = 75-Watt
light bulb

Question 15

Lactating Dairy Cow

Answer 15

Energy expended per second = 20, 100-
Watt light bulbs

Question 16

Gross Energy

Answer 16

Total amount of energy consumed determined by a bomb calorimeter; Amount of heat liberated when a feed sample is completely burned into carbon dioxide & water

Question 17

Digestible Energy

Answer 17

Amount of energy that is digested and potentially available for utilization.
DE = GE - FE

Question 18

Metabolizable Energy

Answer 18

ME = DE - UE - Gaseous energy

Question 19

Net Energy

Answer 19

NE represents the fraction of the total energy consumed that is utilized for production purposes or maintenance.
NE = ME - HI

Question 20

Heat Increment

Answer 20

Heat loss of the eating animal − heat loss of the fasting animal

Question 21

Energy Imbalance

Answer 21

Weight gain or loss
Reduced fertility
Decreased productivity
Compromised immune system
Behavioral changes
Increased mortality

Question 22

Management Strategies

Answer 22

Optimize feed intake
Provide energy-dense feeds
Body Condition Scoring
Proper feeding management
Transition period management
Early detection & treatment

Question 23

Obesity

Answer 23

Associated with excess energy intake (extreme positive energy balance often influenced by genetics and hormones)
Commonly seen in companion animals & horses

Question 24

Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 24

Insulin dysregulation leading to regional fat deposition & reduced ability to lose weight. Increased risk of laminitis.

Commonly seen in ponies, donkeys, Arabians & mustangs (bred for arid no pasture env)

Treated through diet & exercise management

Question 25

Fatty Liver Disease

Answer 25

Energy demands exceed intake (mostly seen in dairy cattle transition period go through negative energy balance; not eating but increased energy demand). Fat stores are mobilized and excessive nonesterified fatty acids (free FA) accumulation in liver

Question 26

Ketosis

Answer 26

Body mobilizes large amounts of fat for energy, due to a lack of available glucose. Results in a buildup of ketone bodies in the blood. *Associated with fatty liver (often dairy cattle)

Question 27

Pregnancy Toxemia Names

Answer 27

Pregnancy disease, lambing sickness and twin-lamb/kid disease

Question 28

Pregnancy Toxemia

Answer 28

Caused by low blood sugar (glucose). Onset often triggered by stress * Nutritional * Inclement weather. Most prevalent in ewes/does carrying multiples; over- or underweight ewes/does