Water

Question 1

Makes up

Answer 1

1⁄2 to 2/3 of adult body
Up to 90% of newborn body

Question 2

Thermoregulation roles

Answer 2

Evaporative cooling
Blood flow regulation
Internal fluid balance

Question 3

Properties

Answer 3

High specific heat capacity
High heat of vaporization

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

Solvent
Transport medium
Dilutant
Hydrolysis & oxidation

Question 5

Universal Solvent does

Answer 5

Cellular functions
Enzyme activity
pH regulation
Chemical reactions

Question 6

Metabolic Water

Answer 6

(oxidation reaction) May account for 5 – 10% of daily water needs

Question 7

Protein Metabolic Water

Answer 7

0.4 g water/g protein

Question 8

Carb Metabolic Water

Answer 8

0.6 g water/g carbohydrate

Question 9

Fat Metabolic Water

Answer 9

1.0 g water/g fat

Question 10

Water Sources

Answer 10

Drinking, free and metabolic

Question 11

Milk Water Content

Answer 11

85-87% (~3% fat)

Question 12

Water Losses

Answer 12

Urine, Feces, Lungs, Skin, Milk

Question 13

Physiological Regulation

Answer 13

Thirst
Hormonal control
Kidney function
Osmoregulation

Question 14

External Regulation

Answer 14

Temperature/humidity, Water Quality, Water Availability, Feed DM

Question 15

Water Quality Factors

Answer 15

Odor & taste
Chemical properties
Toxic compounds
Presence of excess minerals
Presence of microorganisms

Question 16

Salinity

Answer 16

Measure of total dissolved solids (TDS)
Acceptable limit = 0.25%

Question 17

Sulfates

Answer 17

Compounds containing SO4-
Limit: 500 – 1,000 ppm

Question 18

Sulfate Toxicity

Answer 18

Greater than 1,000 ppm = Diarrhea, Polioencephalomalacia (PEM)

Question 19

Nitrates

Answer 19

Compounds containing NO3-
Limit: Less than 100 ppm

Question 20

Nitrate Toxicity

Answer 20

Toxicity at 100 – 200 ppm. Death without warning (suffocate from hemoglobin failing to bind to oxygen)

Question 21

Cyanobacteria

Answer 21

Blue-green algae
Gram-negative bacteria
Blooms produce harmful toxins

Question 22

Water Requirement Factors

Answer 22

Species
Size
Age
Activity level
Diet
Environmental conditions

Question 23

Livestock Water Requirement

Answer 23

1 gallon/100 lbs body weight

Question 24

Dog Water Requirement

Answer 24

1 ounce/lb body weight

Question 25

Cat Water Requirement

Answer 25

5 – 10 oz/day

Question 26

Intentional Water Restriction

Answer 26

Limited availability Cleanliness

Question 27

Unintentional Water Restriction

Answer 27

Failure of water supply Inappropriate design for species Competition Poor quality Extreme ambient temperature Inappropriately balanced diet (Too salty) Stray Voltage

Question 28

Water Restriction Consequences

Answer 28

Electrolyte imbalances Dehydration Frustration Stereotypies