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Physics - GCSE > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What are the nine types of energy?

A 
Gravitational Potential
Chemical
Sound
Elastic
Kinetic
Heat
Light
Electric
Nuclear
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2
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one type to another

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3
Q

What will all energy eventually be transferred to?

A

Hear energy

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4
Q

Where does all energy come from?

A

The sun

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5
Q

What do Sankey diagrams show?

A

All energy transfers taking place in a process {to scale

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6
Q

Where does the total of the input energy go on a Sankey diagram?

A

The line on the far left of the diagram, width of initial arrow

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7
Q

Where do useful energies go on Sankey diagrams?

A

Out to the right, continuing straight from the width of the initial arrow

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8
Q

Where does waste energy go in a Sankey diagram?

A

Down

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9
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Efficiency - useful energy out / useful energy in x 100%

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10
Q

How do you turn a fraction into a number then the number into a percentage?

A

Take the fraction and divide the top by bottom then times it by 100

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11
Q

When an energy is transferred through a wire, what always happens to some of the energy?

A

Some energy is always lost

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12
Q

When energy is lost through a wire, why is it lost and what is it lost as?

A

It is lost due to the current and material, it is lost as heat energy

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13
Q

What is current?

A

Current is the flow of electrons through a wire or component

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14
Q

What is resistance in electrons?

A

When electrons move through a wire and they collide with other atoms

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15
Q

What happens every time electrons collide?

A

Energy is transferee to the electrons as heat

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16
Q

What is voltage?

A

Voltage is energy per electron

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17
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Power = current x voltage

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18
Q

What must you do to raise current?

A

Lower voltage

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19
Q

What must you do to raise voltage?

A

Lower current

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20
Q

If you halve the voltage what must you do to the current?

A

Double the current

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21
Q

What do we use to convert between current and voltage?

A

A transformer

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22
Q

What does a step up transformer do?

A

It increases voltage and decreases current

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23
Q

What does a step down transformer do?

A

It decreases voltage and and increases current

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24
Q

What do transformers do in the national grid?

A

Stop the wires on pylons breaking

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25
What are the three ways of heat transfer?
Infrared radiation Convection Conduction
26
What can infared radiation go through?
Everything
27
What can convection go through?
Liquids and gases
28
What can conduction go through?
Solids
29
What emits infared radiation?
Everything with a temperature above absolute zero
30
What is convection?
Convection is the transfer of hear through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion
31
What is conduction?
Conduction is the transfer of heat or electric current from one substance to another by direct contact
32
What is infared radiation?
Infared radiation is energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of Ray's or waved or particles
33
What are three things we want heat transfer for?
Cooking Heating Sun warming the earth
34
What are three things we do not want heat transfer for?
Heat loss form our homes In cars On machines
35
Why is unwanted heat transfer bad?
Unwanted heat transfer is bad because it uses up more energy, it costs us money and it damages the world
36
What are two methods to prevent heat loss?
Lubrication and thermal insulation
37
How does thermal insulation prevent heat loss?
If you use a material with a low thermal conductivity {doesn't transfer heat very well} ur will insulate hot locations, keeping them hot. This is used in buildings
38
How does lubrication prevent heat loss?
Reduces frictions which not only reduces heat loss but also reduces wear and tear on moving parts. This is used for machines
39
What three types of energy cannot be stored?
Sound energy cannot be stored, light energy cannot be stored, electrical energy cannot be stored.
40
What six types of energy can be stored
Kinetic energy, heat energy, elastic potential energy. Nuclear energy, chemical energy and gravitational energy can be stored.
41
What is the equation for working out gravitational potential energy?
Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength
42
What unit is gravitational potential energy measured in?
Joules
43
What unit is mass measured in?
Kg
44
What unit is gravitational field strength measured in?
N/Kg
45
What is gravitational field strengt also known as?
Acceleration
46
What is gravitational field strength a measure of?
A measurement of how much a planets gravity pulls on an object
47
What is the earths gravitational field strength?
10N/Kg
48
What is thermal conductivity?
Thermal conductivity is the rare at which heat transfers through a specific material
49
The higher the number of the thermal conductivity... {what does it mean?}
... the more heat lost
50
What is rare of cooling?
How quickly heat is lost
51
What did kinetic energy depend on/
Mass and velocity
52
What is the equation for kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2
53
What is the unit for velocity ^2
M/s
54
What does gravitational potential rely on?
Gravity, mass and vertical height
55
What does kinetic energy and gravitational potential have in common?
Mass
56
Maximum GPE = ?
Maximum GPE = Maximum KE
57
Maximum KE = ?
Maximum KE = Maximum GPE
58
When is GPE at max and when is it at minimum?
At max at its highest point, at min at lowest point {ground
59
When is KE at max and when is it at minimum?
At max at its lowest point {ground} at min at highest point
60
How do you times by 100%?
Times by a hundred and add a % sign to the end
61
What are the seven types of renewable energy?
``` Solar Wind Wave Hydroelectric Geothermal Biomass Tidal ```
62
What are the four types of non renewable energy?
Oil Coal Gas Nuclear
63
What is non renewable energy?
A non renewable source of energy cannot be sustained and will run out
64
What are the nine energy sources?
``` Hydroelectric Geothermal Fossil fuels Wave Solar Wind Biomass Nuclear Tidal ```
65
What's the mnemonic for remembering the 9 energy sources?
``` Hermoine Gets Food When She Wants But Not Today ```
66
What are the two methods of turning a turbine?
Heat and direct
67
What are the three steps in the heat method of turning a turbine?
1) Heat is generated 2) Heat turns water to steam 3) Steam turns a turbine
68
What happens in the direct method of turning a turbine?
The source (water or wind) directly pushes the turbine
69
What does solar power do instead of moving a turbine to produce electricity?
The sunlight makes electrons move
70
Which four energy sources use the direct method of producing energy?
Tidal Hydroelectric Wave Wind
71
Which four energy sources use the heat method of producing energy?
Fossil fuels Nuclear Geothermal Biomass
72
What are three advantages of renewable energy?
Won't run out No greenhouse gases produced Free fuel Cheap to run
73
What are three disadvantages of renewable energy?
Infrastructure is expensive Generally unreliable Can damage the environment Don't release as much energy as fossil fuels
74
When an item is descending, what happens to the gravitational potential energy?
Gravitational potential energy will be lost

Physics - GCSE (6 decks)

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