ENERGY

Question 1

total available nrg in food

Answer 1

gross nrg

Question 2

nrg available to animal after metabolic processes of digest, absorp, excrete

Answer 2

net nrg

Question 3

___% as heat, capture rest in ____ bond

Answer 3

55-60; high energy phosphate

Question 4

amt nrg required to raise temp of 1g of H2O by 1 degree C

Answer 4

calorie

Question 5

amt of nrg expended when 1 kg moved 1m by force of 1 newton

Answer 5

joule

Question 6

what is gross nrg in foods?

Answer 6

heat of combustion, amt heat released when substance oxidized completely (bomb calorimeter)

Question 7

gross nrg depend on:

Answer 7

1) proportion CHO, protein, fat

2) composition of individual CHO, ptn, fat

Question 8

find GE value using ____ analysis

Answer 8

proximate

Question 9

GE - fecal energy =

Answer 9

Digestible energy

Question 10

nrg that is useful to animal

Answer 10

metabolizable energy

Question 11

ME=

Answer 11

GE - fecal E - urinary E

Question 12

for humans, ME=?

Answer 12

(GE - urinary E) x digestibility coefficients; Atwater fuel values

Question 13

nrg expended to sustain life

Answer 13

basal metabolism

Question 14

how to measure BMR?

Answer 14

1) direct (hard to do)

2) indirect (resp)

Question 15

2 types of indirect calorimetry?

Answer 15

1) closed–>spirometer

2) open–>more precise than closed

Question 16

conditions for measuring BMR

Answer 16

• completely relax
• recline comfortable position
• awake
• thermal neutral
• post absorptive
• no heavy physical activity within 12 h

Question 17

factors affect BMR?

Answer 17

body size/comp, age, enviro temp, hormonal status, stress, illness/injury, sleep vs awake, previous nutr. history

Question 18

ration of CO2 produced: O2 consumed

Answer 18

respiratory quotient

Question 19

physical activity can be measured by…

Answer 19

direct and indirect calorimetry

Question 20

nrg expended in PA depend on:

Answer 20

1) intensity of activity 2) duration of activity 3) BW of subject

Question 21

Thermic effect of food averages ___% ME intake

Answer 21

6-10

Question 22

3 approaches to energy needs?

Answer 22

factual, factorial, measured

Question 23

what is factual?

Answer 23

find intake that maintains bwt at desired lvl

Question 24

what is factorial

Answer 24

add up needs

Question 25

measured?

Answer 25

DLW, used for DRIs

Question 26

for each inch above 5 ft, add ___ lbs

Answer 26

5

Question 27

average diet nrg predicted maintain nrg balance in healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height, and lvl of physical activity consistent with good health

Answer 27

estimated energy requirement

Question 28

how is EER calculated?

Answer 28

TEE and DLW

Question 29

why shouldn't use EER for ppl try lose weight??

Answer 29

not bell curve

Question 30

sum of basal energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, physical activity, thermoregulation, and nrg expended in depositing new tissues+producing milk

Answer 30

totl energy expenditure

Question 31

ways to measure energy intake?

Answer 31

food frequency questionnaire, 24 hr recall, food records, food weighing

Question 32

ways to measure energy expenditure?

Answer 32

direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, heart rate monitoring, estimated from activity, DLW

Question 33

used to set previous RDA, calculates TEE using activity info in 24 hr period and nrg cost each activity

Answer 33

factorial approach

Question 34

DLW uses these isotopes

Answer 34

H218O and 2H2O

Question 35

what are steps in the development of EER equations?

Answer 35

1) DLW 2) obtain raw data using DLW 3) define inclusion and exclusion criteria 4) create, clean, document 5) data analysis, descriptive stats 6) create PAL intervals 7) create predictive equations

Question 36

DLW exclusion criteria used for elite groups like:

Answer 36

soldiers, astronauts, athletes, ppl with PAL>2.5

Question 37

main strength of BMI?

Answer 37

reflect relationship of weight and height

Question 38

main limitation of BMI?

Answer 38

not best indicator of body adiposity