Energy

Question 1

Define Metabolism

Answer 1

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 2

What are the two main processes involved in the metabolism?

Answer 2

Anabolism and Catabolism

Question 3

Define Anabolism

Answer 3

Synthesis of more complex molecules genesis pathways. E.g. building and repairing muscle tissue

Question 4

Define Catabolism

Answer 4

A network of chemical reactions breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules.

Question 5

How is the metabolism governed?

Answer 5

By hormones

Question 6

How are the chemical reactions mediated?

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

Define Enzymes

Answer 7

They are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up

Question 8

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 8

Soluble proteins

Question 9

How are enzymes shaped to create active sites?

Answer 9

The protein molecules are folded into complex shapes

Question 10

What is the place called where the substrate fits?

Answer 10

Active site

Question 11

Define a substrate

Answer 11

The substance on which an enzyme reacts

Question 12

Define metabolic rate

Answer 12

The amount of energy burned at rest

Question 13

Define basal metabolic rate

Answer 13

The amount of energy the body requires to maintain itself

Question 14

What are the influences on metabolic rate?

Answer 14

The amount of muscle
Age
Environmental temperature
Illness or infection
Chemical Stimulants

Question 15

How can illness or infection increase the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 15

The body has to work harder to build or repair tissue or generate more molecules as an immune response which increases the anabolitic rate which increases the basal metabolic rate.

Question 16

What does the body use for energy?

Answer 16

ATP, adenosine triphosphate

Question 17

How is the energy released from ATP

Answer 17

By breaking the bonds

Question 18

Is ATP the only molecule used in the body for energy?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

The bond between which ions are broken?

Answer 19

Phosphate ions

Question 20

When ATP is broken down, what is it turned into?

Answer 20

ATP= ADP + Phosphate ion + energy

Question 21

What enzyme controls the breaking down of ATP?

Answer 21

Myosin ATPase

Question 22

Can ADP be broken down again?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What is ADP broken down into?

Answer 23

ADP= AMP + Phosphate ion + Energy

Question 24

How many Phosphates in Adenosine Triphosphate?

Answer 24

three

Question 25

How many Phosphates in Adenosine Diphosphate?

Answer 25

two

Question 26

How many Phosphates in Adenosine Monoposphate

Answer 26

one

Question 27

How big is the storage of ATP?

Answer 27

Small

Question 28

What happens if we run out of ATP?

Answer 28

Death

Question 29

Is the reaction of breaking down of ATP reversible?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

What is the ATP-PC system?

Answer 30

The Creatine phosphate system

Question 31

Where is the energy stored in the ATP-PC system?

Answer 31

Energy stored in the bonds between the phosphate and carbon atoms

Question 32

Is the ATP-PC system an anaerobic or aerobic reaction?

Answer 32

Anaerobic

Question 33

What is the size of the storage of phosphocreatine in the muscles?

Answer 33

small

Question 34

How much maximal activity can be powered by the storage of ATP and PC?

Answer 34

less than 10 seconds

Question 35

Define anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 35

The breaking down of glycogen without oxygen

Question 36

What is glycogen?

Answer 36

A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide and is stored in the muscles and liver.

Question 37

Which is slower, ATP-PC or anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 37

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 38

Which releases more energy, Anaerobic glycolysis or ATP-PC?

Answer 38

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 39

What is used is oxygen isn't present in anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 39

Lactic acid

Question 40

What is lactic acid converted from?

Answer 40

Lactate

Question 41

What is lactate converted from?

Answer 41

Pyruvate

Question 42

How much maximal activity can be powered by the reaction of anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 42

60-90 seconds

Question 43

Why can't anaerobic glycolysis power more than 60-90 seconds of maximal activity?

Answer 43

The build up of lactic acid inhibits muscle contractions

Question 44

Which is faster, anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis?

Answer 44

anaerobic glycolysis

Question 45

What happens to pyruvate during aerobic glycolysis?

Answer 45

Broken down for energy

Question 46

Which produces more energy, anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis?

Answer 46

Aerobic glycolysis

Question 47

What are fats called stored in muscles?

Answer 47

intramuscular triglycerides

Question 48

What are fat storage cells called?

Answer 48

Adipose cells

Question 49

What does adipose cells make up?

Answer 49

Adipose tissue

Question 50

What does adipose tissue make when broken down??

Answer 50

Fatty acids

Question 51

Which system do fatty acids enter?

Answer 51

aerobic energy system

Question 52

Can protein produce ATP?

Answer 52

yes

Question 53

What is protein broken down into?

Answer 53

Amino acids

Question 54

How much energy, in normal conditions, does protein provide?

Answer 54

10%

Question 55

Why isn't protein used as much as a source of energy?

Answer 55

Protein is used for building blocks of cellular structures.

Question 56

Define Mitochondria

Answer 56

Powerhouse of the cell

Question 57

What is Sarcoplasm the site of?

Answer 57

Anaerobic respiration

Question 58

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 58

mitochondria