Energy Substrates

Question 1

What are the macronutrients?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins

Question 2

Is carbohydrates part of the organic compounds group?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Provide energy for essential functions and for movement. Also acts as a fuel reserve and can be used as building blocks for molecules.

Question 4

What is the chemical formula for a glucose molecule?

Answer 4

C6 H12 O6

Question 5

What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

monosaccharides, diasaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 6

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 6

A simple sugar made up of 3-7 carbon atoms in a chain or ring.

Question 7

What is an isomer?

Answer 7

A chemical compound with the same no. of atoms as another compound.

Question 8

What are disaccharides?

Answer 8

These are two monosaccharides joined together

Question 9

What are three examples of disaccharides and what are these examples made from?

Answer 9

Sucrose= glucose and fructose
Lactose= glucose and galactose
Maltose= Glucose and glucose

Question 10

What is the chemical reaction called that joins to monosaccharides together?

Answer 10

Dehydration synthesis

Question 11

What is the chemical reaction called that separates a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Answer 11

hydrolysis

Question 12

What are polysaccharide?

Answer 12

These are three or more monosaccharides joined together

Question 13

Do polysaccharides dissolve in water?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Starch and glycogen

Question 15

How is glycogen stored in cells?

Answer 15

As granules

Question 16

Where is glycogen mainly stored?

Answer 16

Skeletal muscle and liver

Question 17

What is glycogen broken down into during exercise?

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

What is fat?

Answer 18

A type of lipid

Question 19

What is the job of fat?

Answer 19

Provide energy
Provide cell wall structure
Provides insulation/protection

Question 20

Is fat an organic compound?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Do fats dissolve in water?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

Do they have long carbon chains?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

What are the three main types of fat?

Answer 23

Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Question 24

Where are saturated fats mainly found?

Answer 24

Butter, milk eggs, meat

Question 25

Define saturated fats

Answer 25

Where all carbon atoms are bonded to the max no. of hydrogen atoms

Question 26

Define monosaturated

Answer 26

Where not all the possible carbon atoms are bonded to the max no. of hydrogen atoms due to presence of double bond.

Question 27

How many double bonds does a monounsaturated have?

Answer 27

one

Question 28

Where are polyunsaturates mainly found?

Answer 28

Cold water fish, nuts, corn oil

Question 29

Where are monounsaturated fats found?

Answer 29

Avocados, nuts, olive oil

Question 30

How many double bonds does a polyunsaturated fat have?

Answer 30

more than one

Question 31

What are the roles of a protein?

Answer 31

``` Structural Contractile Transportation of other molecules Regulatory hormones Enzymes Energy ```

Question 32

Are proteins organic compounds?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

What are proteins made out of?

Answer 33

Amino acids

Question 34

How many standard amino acids are there?

Answer 34

20

Question 35

How many acids are non essential?

Answer 35

11

Question 36

What are non essential amino acids?

Answer 36

Amino acids that can be made up from compounds within our body

Question 37

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 37

9

Question 38

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 38

Amino acids that can't be produced from other compounds found in the body.

Question 39

What are the bonds called between the amino acids?

Answer 39

peptide bonds

Question 40

What is a dipeptide?

Answer 40

2 amino acids bonded together

Question 41

What is a tripeptide?

Answer 41

3 amino acids bonded together

Question 42

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 42

>10 amino acids bonded together