Energy

Question 1

Potential Energy

Answer 1

energy that has been charged or under stress and can produce energy from that thing

Question 2

kinetic energy

Answer 2

the energy of movement or moving objects.

Question 3

conduction

Answer 3

conduction: transfer of heat through collisions between particles

Question 4

insulators

Answer 4

insulators: a material that is a poor conductor of heat

Question 5

convection

Answer 5

convection: transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Question 6

radiant heat

Answer 6

radiant heat: heat transferred by radiation, as from the sun to the Earth

Question 7

nuclear energy

Answer 7

nuclear energy: the energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances. Nuclear energy can be released from the radioactive metals uranium or plutonium, and transformed into electrical energy in a nuclear power station.

Question 8

movement

Answer 8

an act of moving.

Question 9

chemical energy

Answer 9

chemical energy: potential energy derived from chemical reactions

Question 10

electrical energy

Answer 10

electrical energy: the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

Question 11

sound

Answer 11

vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person’s or animal’s ear.

Question 12

gravitational energy

Answer 12

gravitational potential energy: energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level

Question 13

light

Answer 13

the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible.

Question 14

law of conservation of energy

Answer 14

Law of Conservation of Energy: a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another.

Question 15

elastic potential energy

Answer 15

elastic potential energy: the potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material

Question 16

efficiency

Answer 16

efficiency: the fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy. It is usually expressed as a percentage.

Question 17

reflected

Answer 17

reflected: bounced off

Question 18

transmited

Answer 18

transmitted: passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air

Question 19

absorbed

Answer 19

absorbed: taken in

Question 20

radiation

Answer 20

radiation: a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

Question 21

deciduous

Answer 21

deciduous: describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter

Question 22

luminous

Answer 22

luminous: releasing its own light

Question 23

incandescent

Answer 23

incandescent: describes objects that emit light when they are hot

Question 24

bioluminescent

Answer 24

bioluminescent: describes living things that release light energy

Question 25

non-luminous

Answer 25

non-luminous: describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light

Question 26

scattered

Answer 26

scattered: describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance

Question 27

visible spectrum

Answer 27

visible spectrum: different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows

Question 28

dispersion

Answer 28

dispersion: separation of the colours that make up white light. Each colour is bent differently when it enters or leaves a glass prism.

Question 29

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 29

electromagnetic radiation: the radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields

Question 30

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 30

electromagnetic spectrum: complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

Question 31

radio waves

Answer 31

radio waves: low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Question 32

infra-red radiation

Answer 32

infra-red radiation: low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Question 33

ultraviolet

Answer 33

ultraviolet radiation: invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy

Question 34

X-rays

Answer 34

X-rays: high energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure

Question 35

gamma rays

Answer 35

gamma rays: high energy electromagnetic radiation produced during the nuclear reaction

Question 36

rays

Answer 36

rays: the narrow beam of light

Question 37

concave

Answer 37

concave: refers to a lens that is curved inwards

Question 38

convex

Answer 38

convex: refers to a lens that is curved outwards

Question 39

focal point

Answer 39

focal point: the point where light rays ‘close in’ (converge) towards a point

Question 40

lateral inversion

Answer 40

lateral inversion: sideways reversal of images in a mirror

Question 41

refraction

Answer 41

refraction: change in the speed of light as it passes from one substance into another. It usually involves a change in direction.

Question 42

normal

Answer 42

normal: a line is drawn perpendicular to a surface at the point where a light ray meets it

Question 43

image

Answer 43

image: picture of an object

Question 44

retina

Answer 44

retina: curved surface at the back of the eye. It is lined with sight receptors.

Question 45

optic nerve

Answer 45

optic nerve: large nerve that sends signals to the brain from the sight receptors in the retina

Question 46

cornea

Answer 46

cornea: clear, curved outer surface of the eye