Geology

Question 1

Igneous

Answer 1

Rocks that come from lava or magma

Question 2

Magma

Answer 2

Substance that is liquid rock that does no make it to the surface

Question 3

Lava

Answer 3

Magma that has made it to the surface of the lithosphere

Question 4

extrusive

Answer 4

the lava that comes out of a volcano

Question 5

intrusive

Answer 5

the lava that is still in the volcano/ cannals

Question 6

sedimentary

Answer 6

rocks that are stacked on eachother

Question 7

metamorphic

Answer 7

rocks that are changed by heat or pressure

Question 8

mantle

Answer 8

a layer of the earth under the athenoshere

Question 9

athenoshere

Answer 9

a layer of the earth that is under the lithoshere

Question 10

outer core

Answer 10

a layer of the earth under the mantle

Question 11

core

Answer 11

a layer of the earth that is pure metal

Question 12

crystal

Answer 12

a type of rock formed inside a volcano after it has cooled

Question 13

erosion

Answer 13

erosion: the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

Question 14

floodplains

Answer 14

floodplains: flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Question 15

glaciers

Answer 15

glaciers: large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

Question 16

moraines

Answer 16

moraines: deposit left by movement of a glacier

Question 17

sandstone

Answer 17

sandstone: a sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts.

Question 18

mudstone

Answer 18

mudstone: a fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

Question 19

siltstone

Answer 19

siltstone: a sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

Question 20

conglomerate

Answer 20

conglomerate: sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Question 21

limestone

Answer 21

limestone: a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

Question 22

coal

Answer 22

coal: a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

Question 23

rocksalt

Answer 23

rock salt: a sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

Question 24

mineral ores

Answer 24

mineral ores: rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Question 25

mining

Answer 25

mining: extraction of natural resources from the Earth

Question 26

environmental impact statement

Answer 26

environmental impact statement (EIS): study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

Question 27

rehabilitated

Answer 27

rehabilitated: restored to its previous condition

Question 28

overburden

Answer 28

overburden: waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

Question 29

open cut mining

Answer 29

open-cut mining: mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

Question 30

underground mining

Answer 30

underground mining: mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 31

fossil

Answer 31

fossil: any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

Question 32

folding rock

Answer 32

folding: the buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

Question 33

paleontologists

Answer 33

palaeontologists: a scientist who studies fossils

Question 34

relative age

Answer 34

relative age: the age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

Question 35

carnivores

Answer 35

carnivores: animal that eats other animals

Question 36

scavengeres

Answer 36

scavengers: animals that eat dead plant and animal material

Question 37

trace fossils

Answer 37

trace fossils: fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed

Question 38

extinct

Answer 38

extinct: describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.