Energy

Question 1

a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another.

Answer 1

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 2

the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

Answer 2

electrical energy

Question 3

energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level

Answer 3

gravitational potential energy

Question 4

potential energy derived from chemical reactions

Answer 4

chemical energy

Question 5

the potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material

Answer 5

elastic potential energy

Question 6

the energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances. Nuclear energy can be released from the radioactive metals uranium or plutonium, and transformed into electrical energy in a nuclear power station.

Answer 6

nuclear energy

Question 7

the fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy. It is usually expressed as a percentage.

Answer 7

efficiency

Question 8

transfer of heat through collisions between particles

Answer 8

conduction

Question 9

a material that is a poor conductor of heat

Answer 9

insulators

Question 10

transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Answer 10

convection

Question 11

a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

Answer 11

radiation

Question 12

heat transferred by radiation, as from the sun to the Earth

Answer 12

radiant heat

Question 13

bounced off

Answer 13

reflected

Question 14

passed through something, such as light or sound passing through the air

Answer 14

transmitted

Question 15

taken in

Answer 15

absorbed

Question 16

releasing its own light

Answer 16

luminous

Question 17

describes objects that emit light when they are hot

Answer 17

incandescent

Question 18

describes living things that release light energy

Answer 18

bioluminescent

Question 19

describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light

Answer 19

non-luminous

Question 20

describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance

Answer 20

scattered

Question 21

different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows

Answer 21

visible spectrum

Question 22

separation of the colours that make up white light. Each colour is bent differently when it enters or leaves a glass prism.

Answer 22

dispersion

Question 23

the radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields

Answer 23

electromagnetic radiation

Question 24

complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

Answer 24

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 25

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Answer 25

radio waves

Question 26

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Answer 26

infra-red radiation

Question 27

invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy

Answer 27

ultraviolet radiation

Question 28

high energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure

Answer 28

X-Ray

Question 29

high energy electromagnetic radiation produced during a nuclear reaction

Answer 29

gamma rays

Question 30

repeated fast, back-and-forth movements

Answer 30

vibrations

Question 31

the process of pushing material into itself

Answer 31

compression

Question 32

in sound waves, the layers of air particles that are spread apart (between compressions)

Answer 32

rarefactions

Question 33

vibrations of particles in the air

Answer 33

sound waves

Question 34

number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second

Answer 34

frequency

Question 35

unit of frequency; its abbreviation is Hz. One hertz is equal to one vibration every second

Answer 35

hertz

Question 36

the highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch that you hear depends on the frequency of the vibrating air.

Answer 36

pitch

Question 37

distance between two neighbouring crests or troughs of a wave. This is the distance between two particles vibrating in step.

Answer 37

wavelength

Question 38

the maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position

Answer 38

amplitude

Question 39

the longer-lasting sound caused by repeated reflection from hard surfaces

Answer 39

reverberation

Question 40

describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter

Answer 40

deciduous