Energy And ATP

Question 1

What do plants photosynthesise to form?

Answer 1

Complex organic molecules.

Question 2

What do plants and animals do with complex organic molecules?

Answer 2

Oxidise them to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

A main energy source to carry out processes within cells.

Question 4

What is an ATP molecule?

Answer 4

A phosphorylated macromolecule.

Question 5

What are the 3 parts to an ATP molecule?

Answer 5

Adenine, ribose and phosphates.

Question 6

How many phosphates does ATP have?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

What are the bonds between phosphate groups like?

Answer 7

Unstable.

Question 8

What do the unstable bonds between phosphate groups mean?

Answer 8

They have a low activation energy and are easily broken.

Question 9

What happens when the bonds between phosphate groups break?

Answer 9

They release a lot of energy.

Question 10

What reaction is the conversion of ATP to ADP and why?

Answer 10

Hydrolysis reaction, water is added.

Question 11

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 11

Adenosine triphosphate.

Question 12

What is ATP catalysed by to form ADP?

Answer 12

ATP hydrolase.

Question 13

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 13

Adenosine diphosphate.

Question 14

What does AMP stand for?

Answer 14

Adenosine monophosphate.

Question 15

How can we re-form ATP from ADP?

Answer 15

By using energy to add an inorganic phosphate.

Question 16

What is the synthesis of ATP from ADP catalysed by?

Answer 16

ATP synthase.

Question 17

What reaction is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and why?

Answer 17

Condensation reaction, water is removed.

Question 18

When does the synthesis of ATP occur?

Answer 18

During photosynthesis, respiration, and in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP.

Question 19

Why is ATP a good energy donor?

Answer 19

Its phosphate bonds can be instantly broken (hydrolysed).

Question 20

What bad feature does ATP have?

Answer 20

It’s not a good long-term energy store.

Question 21

What molecules have long term energy stores?

Answer 21

Carbohydrates and fats such as glycogen.

Question 22

What kind of energy source is ATP ?

Answer 22

An immediate energy source.

Question 23

What do cells not do as a result of ATPs immediate energy source?

Answer 23

Don’t store large quantities of ATP and instead maintain a few seconds’ supply.

Question 24

Why is maintaining just a few seconds supply of ATP not a problem?

Answer 24

As ATP is rapidly re-formed from ADP and inorganic phosphate, so a little goes a long way.

Question 25

Why is ATP a better energy source than glucose?

Answer 25

Energy is released in smaller, manageable quantities, and the hydrolysis of ATD to ADP is a single reaction that releases immediate energy whereas glucose breakdown is a long series of reactions that takes longer to release energy.

Question 26

What can’t happen to ATP?

Answer 26

It can’t be stored.

Question 27

What does it mean if ATP can’t be stored?

Answer 27

It has to be continuously made within the mitochondria of cells that need it.

Question 28

What kind of cells process many mitochondria?

Answer 28

Ones which require a lot of energy for movement and active transport.

Question 29

What cells have a lot of mitochondria.

Answer 29

Muscle fibres and epithelial cells.

Question 30

What energy-requiring processes in cells is ATP used for?

Answer 30

Metabolic processes, movement, active transport, secretion, and activation of molecules.

Question 31

Why is ATP used in metabolic processes?

Answer 31

It provides energy needed to build up macromolecules from their basic units, such as making polypeptides from amino acids.

Question 32

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 32

A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein.

Question 33

Why is ATP used for movement?

Answer 33

It provides energy for filaments of muscle to slide past one another in muscle contraction.

Question 34

Why is ATP used in active transport?

Answer 34

It provides the energy to change the shape of carrier proteins in plasma membranes which allows molecules to be moved against the concentration gradient.

Question 35

Why is ATP used in secretion?

Answer 35

It’s needed to form the lysosomes necessary for the secretion of all cell products.

Question 36

Why is ATP used in the activation of molecules?

Answer 36

It’s inorganic phosphate released during hydrolysis can be used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive and lower the activation energy.