Structure Of RNA And DNA

Question 1

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 1

Ribonucleic acid.

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 3

What does DNA carry?

Answer 3

Genetic information.

Question 4

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 4

Nucleotides.

Question 5

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 5

A pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing organic base.

Question 6

What is a pentose sugar?

Answer 6

A sugar with 5 carbon atoms.

Question 7

What are the 5 organic bases?

Answer 7

Cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine and uracil.

Question 8

What reaction are the pentose sugar, phosphate and organic base joined by?

Answer 8

A condensation reaction.

Question 9

What bond is formed between nucleotides?

Answer 9

A phosphodiester bond.

Question 10

Where on the nucleotides is the phosphodiester bond formed?

Answer 10

Between the pentose sugar of one mononucleotide and the phosphate molecule on the neighbouring mononucleotide.

Question 11

What do 2 mononucleotides bonded together make?

Answer 11

A dinucleotide.

Question 12

What do lots of mononucleotides bonded together form?

Answer 12

A polynucleotide.

Question 13

What is the structural difference between DNA and proteins?

Answer 13

DNA is a sequence of bases with nucleotides that form a polynucleotide, protein is a sequence of amino acids that form a polypeptide.

Question 14

What is RNA?

Answer 14

A single, relatively short polynucleotide chain in which the pentose sugar is always ribose.

Question 15

What are the organic bases in RNA?

Answer 15

Adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.

Question 16

What does RNA do?

Answer 16

Transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 17

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 17

Proteins and another type of RNA.

Question 18

What is a third type of RNA involved in?

Answer 18

Protein synthesis.

Question 19

Who worked out the structure of DNA in 1953?

Answer 19

James Watson and Francis Crick.

Question 20

How did James and Francis work out the structure of DNA?

Answer 20

By pioneering work by Rosalind Franklin on the x-ray diffraction patterns of DNA.

Question 21

What is the pentose sugar in DNA?

Answer 21

Deoxyribose.

Question 22

What are the organic bases in DNA?

Answer 22

Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.

Question 23

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 23

Two strands of nucleotides (polynucleotides).

Question 24

What are the 2 strands of polynucleotides in DNA joined by?

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonds between bases.

Question 25

How is DNA thought of as a ladder?

Answer 25

The phosphate and deoxyribose molecules alternate to form the uprights and the organic bases pair together to form the rungs.

Question 26

What is specific is the formation of DNA?

Answer 26

Base pairing.

Question 27

What does adenine pair with in DNA?

Answer 27

Thymine.

Question 28

What does guanine pair with in DNA?

Answer 28

Cytosine.

Question 29

What is the word used to describe base pairings?

Answer 29

Complementary.

Question 30

What quantities are the same in DNA?

Answer 30

The paired bases (adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine).

Question 31

What varies form species to species in DNA?

Answer 31

The ratio of adenine and thymine to guanine and cytosine.

Question 32

What forms the structural backbone of the DNA molecule?

Answer 32

The wounded deoxyribose and phosphate.

Question 33

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 33

A double helix.

Question 34

Why is DNA a stable molecule?

Answer 34

The phosphodiester backbone protects the more chemically reactive organic bases inside the double helix, and hydrogen bonds link the organic base pairs forming rungs between the phosphodiester uprights.

Question 35

How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine?

Answer 36

3

Question 37

What makes DNA more stable and why?

Answer 37

Lots of cytosine-guanine pairings because they form 3 hydrogen bonds.

Question 38

What also helps to hold the DNA molecule together?

Answer 38

Base stacking.

Question 39

What is DNA responsible for?

Answer 39

Passing genetic information from cell to cell and generation to generation.

Question 40

What provides the genetic diversity within living organisms?

Answer 40

The infinite variety of sequences of bases.

Question 41

What is a benefit of DNAs very stable structure?

Answer 41

It gets passed from generation to generation, meaning mutations are rare as most are repaired.

Question 42

What is an advantage of strands being joined by hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Answer 42

They can separate during DNA replication and protein synthesis.

Question 43

What is an advantage of DNA being a large molecule?

Answer 43

It can carry an immense amount of genetic information.

Question 44

What is an advantage of having the base pairs within the helical cylinder of the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone?

Answer 44

The genetic information is some what protected from being corrupted by outside chemical and physical forces.

Question 45

What does base pairing lead to?

Answer 45

DNA being able to replicate and to transfer information as mRNA.

Question 46

What does the function of DNA depend on?

Answer 46

The sequence of base pairs that is possesses.