Energy from food- Half term Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the main tube that air travels down after entering your mouth or nose when you breathe in?
The trachea (windpipe).
What are the two main tubes that the trachea splits into, leading to each lung?
Bronchi.
What are the very tiny tubes that the bronchi branch into inside the lungs?
Bronchioles.
What are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange happens?
Alveoli (singular: alveolus).
What are the tiny blood vessels that surround the alveoli?
Capillaries.
What gas moves from the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries during gas exchange?
Oxygen.
What gas moves from the blood in the capillaries into the alveoli to be breathed out?
Carbon dioxide.
What is the process called where gases move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, like in the alveoli?
Diffusion.
What muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens to help you inhale (breathe in)?
Diaphragm.
What is the main organ that pumps blood around the body?
The heart.
What are the blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart?
Arteries.
What are the blood vessels that carry blood TOWARDS the heart?
Veins.
What are the flaps inside the heart and veins that stop blood from flowing backwards?
Valves.
What is the purpose of digestion?
To break down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed into the blood.
What is the name of the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach?
Oesophagus (gullet).
Where does most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients take place?
The small intestine.
What is the process where cells release energy from food, usually using oxygen?
Respiration (specifically, aerobic respiration).
What type of respiration happens when there isn’t enough oxygen available, and what is produced as a waste product?
Anaerobic respiration; lactic acid.
Why is the right side of the heart thinner than the left side?
The right side only pumps blood to the lungs (a short distance), while the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body (a much longer distance), so it needs to be stronger and more muscular.
What is the rhythmic throbbing you can feel in your arteries as your heart pumps blood?
Pulse.
