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Energy from Ocean Flashcards

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1
Q

What is wave energy?

A

Wave energy harnesses the kinetic and potential energy of ocean waves to generate electricity.

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2
Q

Who is the father of modern wave energy technology?

A

Yoshio Masuda.

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3
Q

When did the oil crisis boost interest in wave energy?

A

1973

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4
Q

What device did Stephen Salter develop in 1974?

A

Salter’s Duck.

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5
Q

Is wave energy dependent on predictable tidal movement?

A

False.

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6
Q

Name four factors affecting wave energy availability.

A

Wind speed and duration, fetch, wave height and wavelength,geographical location

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7
Q

List three primary natural sources of wave energy.

A

Wind-generated waves, tidal influences, seismic disturbances

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8
Q

Where is the best location for installing offshore wave devices?

A

Deep-water locations.

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9
Q

What are shoreline wave devices?

A

Devices installed on or near the coast to utilize breaking waves.

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10
Q

Name one example of an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device location.

A

Islay, Scotland (75 kW)

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11
Q

What type of wave energy device is the Pelamis Wave Energy Converter?

A

Wave attenuator (linear absorber).

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12
Q

What type of device captures wave energy from all directions using vertical motion?

A

Point absorber.

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13
Q

How does an overtopping device work?

A

It collects water in a reservoir and releases it through turbines.

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14
Q

Does the Philippines currently have operational wave energy plants?

A

False.

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15
Q

What Philippine island was assessed for wave energy in 1996?

A

Siargao Island.

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16
Q

Which project uses Lilypad wave devices in the Philippines?

A

Zambales Energy Island Project.

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17
Q

What is the Hybrid Trimaran Project in the Philippines?

A

A gas and wave-powered trimaran vessel.

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18
Q

Name two regions in the Philippines with strong wave energy potential.

A

Catanduanes, Eastern Visayas

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19
Q

Where was the world’s first commercial wave farm built?

A

Aguçadoura, Portugal

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20
Q

Which wave energy device was deployed in Scotland (Islay)?

A

Oscillating Water Column (OWC) plant.

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21
Q

Name two companies advancing wave energy technologies.

A

Eco Wave Power, CorPower Ocean

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22
Q

What wave energy project was canceled in Oregon, USA?

A

Reedsport Wave Farm

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23
Q

Where is the 77 MW Eco Wave Power project located?

A

Turkey.

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24
Q

What is the main advantage of offshore wave energy devices?

A

They capture high-energy waves with minimal coastal impact.

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25
Define wave energy.
The process of capturing energy from surface ocean waves and converting it into electricity.
26
Define point absorber.
A wave energy device that captures energy using vertical bobbing motion from all directions.
27
Define wave attenuator.
A floating segmented device that converts wave motion into energy along its length
28
Define Oscillating Water Column (OWC).
A wave device that traps air pushed by waves to spin a turbine and generate electricity.
29
Define overtopping device.
A wave energy device that collects water in a reservoir and uses gravity to drive turbines.
30
Compare wave energy and tidal energy.
Wave energy depends on wind-driven surface waves; tidal energy relies on gravitational forces.
31
Compare shoreline and offshore wave energy devices.
Shoreline devices are cheaper but less powerful; offshore devices are costlier but capture stronger energy.
32
Which is more stable: wave energy or wind energy?
Wave energy is more stable because ocean waves persist even when wind drops.
33
State three advantages of wave energy over solar power.
Nighttime energy production, higher energy density, less land use
34
What is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)?
A method of generating electricity using the temperature difference between warm surface and cold deep ocean waters.
35
Who proposed the closed-cycle OTEC concept in 1881?
Arsène d'Arsonval.
36
Did Georges Claude invent the open-cycle OTEC system?
True.
37
What working fluid is commonly used in closed-cycle OTEC?
Ammonia.
38
In open-cycle OTEC what is used as the working fluid?
Seawater
39
Name two tropical regions suitable for OTEC plants.
Pacific Islands and Caribbean
40
List three stages in an open-cycle OTEC process.
Warm seawater evaporation Steam turbine electricity generation Condensation into freshwater
41
Is the Philippines geographically ideal for OTEC?
True.
42
What location in the Philippines was planned for a 10 MW OTEC plant?
Cabangan, Zambales
43
Name three Philippine regions identified as OTEC potential sites.
Sulu Sea, Mindoro Strait, Bohol Sea
44
What university studied OTEC feasibility in the Philippines in 1988?
Saga University (Uehara et al.).
45
Where is the world’s largest OTEC research facility?
Makai Ocean Engineering in Hawaii, USA
46
Where is the Okinawa OTEC demonstration plant located?
Okinawa, Japan
47
Which French company is developing floating OTEC platforms?
Naval Group (formerly DCNS).
48
Which company proposed a 10-MW OTEC plant in Zambales, Philippines?
Energy Island Bell Pirie Ltd
49
Did the Philippines' Zambales OTEC project proceed?
False.
50
List three benefits of integrating OTEC with other industries.
Desalination, air conditioning, aquaculture
51
What is the estimated global OTEC potential?
About 10 terawatts (TW).
52
Which regions are best suited for OTEC?
Pacific Islands, Carribean, Southeast Asia, Indian Ocean countries
53
Is OTEC a viable solution for small island nations?
True.
54
Define open-cycle OTEC.
An OTEC system that directly evaporates seawater under low pressure to drive turbines.
55
Define closed-cycle OTEC.
An OTEC system using a working fluid like ammonia in a closed loop for energy conversion.
56
Compare open-cycle and closed-cycle OTEC systems.
Open-cycle produces electricity and freshwater; closed-cycle recirculates a working fluid for electricity only.
57
Which OTEC system can produce both electricity and freshwater?
Open-cycle OTEC.
58
State two advantages of OTEC compared to fossil fuels.
Renewable and constant supply, no greenhouse gas emissions
59
Compare Philippine OTEC potential vs Japan’s.
Both are strong but the Philippines has a more consistent year-round thermal gradient.
60
Name three challenges of wave energy development.
Harsh ocean conditions, corrosion and fouling, low efficiency
61
What is the total estimated global wave energy potential?
1.8 terawatts (TW).
62
List two non-electricity uses of OTEC plants.
Freshwater production, cold-water aquaculture
63
What Philippine project aimed to harness ocean energy for clean community electricity?
Zambales Energy Island Project.
64
How is energy captured in a wave energy system?
Devices such as floating buoys, OWCs, or overtopping reservoirs absorb the motion of waves.
65
What happens during energy conversion in wave energy systems?
The wave motion is transformed into mechanical energy via hydraulic systems or air compression.
66
What is the final step in generating electricity from wave energy?,
Mechanical energy drives a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity.
67
What are the steps in an open-cycle OTEC system?
Warm surface seawater is evaporated at low pressure, steam drives a turbine, steam is condensed using cold deep seawater into freshwater.
68
What are the steps in a closed-cycle OTEC system?
Warm surface seawater heats a working fluid to vaporize, vapor drives a turbine, vapor condenses using cold seawater, working fluid recirculates.
69
Why do waves grow taller as they reach shallow waters?
Warm surface seawater heats a working fluid to vaporize, vapor drives a turbine, vapor condenses using cold seawater, working fluid recirculates.
70
Compare the mechanisms of open-cycle vs closed-cycle OTEC.
Open-cycle uses seawater evaporation and produces freshwater; closed-cycle uses a secondary fluid and recirculates it continuously.
71
Compare wave energy and solar energy.,
Wave energy can operate day and night and is more consistent; solar energy relies on sunlight and varies daily.
72
Compare the environmental impacts of wave vs tidal energy.,
Wave energy devices have moderate marine impacts; tidal barrages can significantly alter ecosystems.
73
Enumerate and define the three main types of wave energy devices.
Shoreline devices: installed on or near the shore; Nearshore devices: placed around 20m depth; Offshore devices: located in deep water for maximum energy capture.
74
Enumerate and define four characteristics of ocean waves.
Crest: highest point of a wave; Trough: lowest point between crests; Wavelength: distance between crests; Wave Height: vertical distance from trough to crest.
75
Enumerate and define types of wave energy technologies.
Point absorbers: float up and down; Attenuators: flex along wave direction; OWCs: use air compression; Overtopping devices: collect water to drive turbines.
76
Enumerate and define types of wave energy technologies.
Harsh ocean conditions, Low efficiency, Corrosion and fouling, High initial costs, Complex permitting processes.
77
Desalination for freshwater, Aquaculture using cold deep water, Air conditioning with cold seawater.
Desalination for freshwater, Aquaculture using cold deep water, Air conditioning with cold seawater.
78
What percentage of global electricity could wave energy theoretically provide?
10–20%.
79
How much easily exploitable wave energy capacity exists globally?
500 gigawatts (GW).
80
Why is the Philippines ideal for ocean energy technologies?
It has warm surface waters, abundant coastlines, and strong wave patterns year-round.
81
It has warm surface waters, abundant coastlines, and strong wave patterns year-round.
It has warm surface waters, abundant coastlines, and strong wave patterns year-round.
82
Which country developed the Pelamis Wave Energy Converter?
United Kingdom

Renewable Energy (6 decks)

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