Geothermal Energy

Question 1

The ____ decay of radioactive particles in the earth’s ___, a process that happens in all
rocks, produces geothermal energy

Answer 1

slow, core

Question 2

The inner core of the planet is as hot as the sun’s surface, with a
temperature of roughly ____.

Answer 2

10,800 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 3

Near the mantle-crust border, the temperature is approximately ____, whereas near the mantle-core boundary, it is approximately ____.

Answer 3

392°F, 7,230°F

Question 4

10,000 years ago, _______ utilized hot springs for cooking, bathing,
and cleaning.

Answer 4

Paleo-Indians in North America

Question 5

Industrial use of geothermal energy began near _____, where steam from natural
vents and drilled holes was used to extract boric acid from the hot pools

Answer 5

Pisa, Italy

Question 6

In what year, the first known commercial use of geothermal energy as a heating system.

Answer 6

1830

Question 7

in Hot Springs, Arkansas, a man by the name of ______ charged _____ for the use of three spring-fed baths in a wooden tub.

Answer 7

Asa Thompson, one dollar

Question 8

Who discovered the Geysers? What year it was discovered? Where is it located?

Answer 8

William Bell Elliot, 1847, North of San Francisco

Question 9

In 1892, the first geothermal district heating system was established in _____, followed by ______ in 1900.

Answer 9

Idaho, Oregon

Question 10

Who successfully tested the first geothermal power generator, which lit how many light bulbs?

Answer 10

Prince Piero Ginori Conti, 4 light bulbs

Question 11

The first known building to
use geothermal energy as its primary heat source.

Answer 11

The Hot Lake Hotel in Union County, Oregon

Question 12

The first commercial geothermal power plant was constructed in ____, generating approximately ___ megawatts.

Answer 12

Larderello, Italy, 594 MW

Question 13

The first ground-source geothermal heat pump was installed at

Answer 13

Commonwealth Building in Portland, Oregon.

Question 14

Who launched the first large-scale geothermal power plant in
San Francisco, generating 11 megawatts?

Answer 14

Pacific Gas and Electric

Question 15

What year is the Geothermal Energy Association, or GEA is established?

Answer 15

1972

Question 16

What year did the oil crisis occurred?

Answer 16

1973

Question 17

In response to climate change, this was signed in Japan in 1997.

Answer 17

Kyoto Protocol

Question 18

How many countries ratified the Kyoto Protocol agreement?

Answer 18

184

Question 19

In 1967, small steam-powered generator was successfully tested in ________.

Answer 19

Tiwi, Albay

Question 20

This law was enacted declaring geothermal resources as state-owned.

Answer 20

Republic Act No. 5092, The Geothermal Law

Question 21

The government assigned the ______ to develop the
Tiwi geothermal field.

Answer 21

National Power Corporation (NPC)

Question 22

In Philippines, the first commercial geothermal electricity was generated from a ___ MW pilot plant at ____.

Answer 22

3 MW, Tongonan, Leyte

Question 23

Large-scale geothermal power plants began operating in Tiwi, and Mak-Ban at ______.

Answer 23

110 MW both

Question 24

In 1993, a 150 MWe geothermal plant was commissioned in the Philippines.

Answer 24

Bacon-Manito Geothermal Plant

Question 25

Mindanao Geothermal Power Plants (Mt. Apo) commissioned with a total of ____ capacity.

Answer 25

108 MWe

Question 26

This region which includes parts of the United States, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Japan, has some of the world's most significant geothermal reserves due to its high volcanic and seismic activity.

Answer 26

Pacific Ring of Fire

Question 27

These areas, often located along tectonic plate boundaries, feature ______, ______, _____, and ______.

Answer 27

hot spots, volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs

Question 28

Geothermal power plants utilize naturally occurring ________, where hot water or steam accumulates underground.

Answer 28

hydrothermal reservoirs

Question 29

These reservoirs can be accessed by drilling wells to extract steam or high-temperature water to generate electricity

Answer 29

hydrothermal reservoirs

Question 30

The availability of such energy depends on the presence of ____, ____, and _____ for steam or hot water to flow

Answer 30

sufficient underground heat, water, and permeability

Question 31

Examples of Surface Indicators.

Answer 31

1. Hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles – naturally occurring features indicate underground heat and fluid movement. 2. Volcanic activity – areas near active or dormant volcanoes typically have high geothermal potential. 3. Seismic activity – tectonic plate boundaries and fault zones allow heat to escape from deep within the Earth.

Question 32

Examples of Geological Surveys

Answer 32

1. Rock composition analysis – igneous and metamorphic rocks are often associated with geothermal reservoirs. 2. Fault and fracture mapping – fractured rocks provide pathways for hot water and steam to rise. 3. Heat flow measurements – scientists measure how heat moves through the Earth's crust to estimate potential energy output.

Question 33

Examples of Geophysical Studies

Answer 33

1. Seismic surveys – map subsurface structures and identify fluid-filled fractures. 2. Gravity surveys – Help determine rock density and locate geothermal reservoirs.

Question 34

Examples of Geochemical Analysis

Answer 34

1. Water and gas sampling – analyze hot spring water and gases (like carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) to estimate underground temperatures. 2. Isotope analysis – identifies the origin and movement of geothermal fluids.

Question 35

Examples of Drilling Exploratory Wells

Answer 35

If surface and subsurface data suggest a high temperature reservoir, exploratory drilling is conducted to confirm: 1. Reservoir temperature (preferably above 150°C for electricity production). 2. Fluid availability and pressure (sufficient water or steam for continuous extraction). 3. Rock permeability (to allow water to circulate and sustain the system)

Question 36

Examples of Reservoir Evaluation and Testing

Answer 36

1. Flow tests – Determine how much steam or hot water a well can produce. 2. Pressure and temperature logging – Monitor changes in subsurface conditions. 3. Sustainability studies – Assess long term energy output and environmental impact.

Question 37

Mechanism of Geothermal Energy

Answer 37

It is primarily harnessed through geothermal power plants that make use of hydrothermal convection systems where cooler water seeps into the Earth's crust, is heated, and rises as steam. This steam is used to drive turbines that generate electricity. The turbine is connected to a generator, which transforms the mechanical energy into electricity that can be distributed for consumer use. After the steam has been utilized, it cools and condenses back into water.

Question 38

Three Main Types of Geothermal Power Plants

Answer 38

1. Dry steam - steam is used directly to turn turbines 2. Flash steam - high-pressure hot water is depressurized into steam 3. Binary cycle - hot water transfers heat to a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point to generate steam

Question 39

In some locations, such as _______, steam naturally escapes from the ground.

Answer 39

The Geysers in California

Question 40

Geothermal steam often contains corrosive chemicals like ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 40

chloride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfide

Question 41

Since the Philippines sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire, it has plenty of geothermal resources, including ___ active volcanoes and several geothermal fields

Answer 41

24

Question 42

The third-largest producer of geothermal energy globally, after the United States and Indonesia

Answer 42

Philippines

Question 43

The potential geothermal capacity in the Philippines is estimated to be around _____ (MW). Currently, more than _____ (GW) of this potential has been developed and is operational

Answer 43

4,064 MW ; 1,900 GW,

Question 44

Geothermal energy accounts for about __% of the country’s total electricity generation.

Answer 44

14%

Question 45

The largest renewable energy company in the Philippines, with a dominant position in geothermal energy

Answer 45

Energy Development Corporation (EDC)

Question 46

A leading geothermal energy producer that plays a critical role in the Philippines' renewable energy sector

Answer 46

Philippine Geothermal Production Company, Inc. (PGPC)

Question 47

A government-owned entity involved in geothermal power generation

Answer 47

National Power Corporation (NPC)