ENERGY (half yearly) Flashcards
(26 cards)
LESSON 1
Identify 3 examples of ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
Toaster (electrical - heat)
Solar Panel (light - electrical
Flashlight (chemical - light)
LESSON 1
Describe 3 examples of ENERGY TRANSFER
Kicking a ball (kinetic energy from foot to ball)
Charging a phone (electrical energy from charger to phone)
Holding a warm drink (heat energy from hot cup to hands)
LESSON 2
Define ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Energy efficiency is the measure of how much input energy is converted into useful output energy.
LESSON 2
Describe ENERGY EFFICIENCY in terms of INPUT and OUTPUT energy
Something highly efficient uses energy input to create useful energy output over wasted energy.
For example, an LED light bulb has a high energy efficiency because most of its electrical input energy is converted into light output energy, with very little wasted as heat.
LESSON 2
What is the formula for ENERGY EFFICIENCY (probably will be written on the test)
energy efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input x 100
(Energy efficiency equals useful energy output, over total energy input, times 100)
LESSON 3
Identify 3 common sources of energy loss during energy transfers and transformations
How do they reduce overall efficiency?
Heat, Friction and Sound.
They reduce overall efficiency as they are forms of WASTED ENERGY, meaning the input energy isn’t being put toward it’s intended use.
LESSON 3
Describe 3 practical methods to improve ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Insulation: Materials/methods that prevent heat from escaping.
Lubrication: The use of substances (e.g. oil) to reduce friction.
Streamlining: Shaping objects to reduce resistance whilst moving through air/liquid
LESSON 4
Name 4 RENEWABLE energy sources
Solar energy, Wind energy, Geothermal energy and Hydropower (water energy).
LESSON 4
Name 3-4 NON-RENEWABLE energy sources
Coal, Crude Oil and Natural Gas.
OPTIONAL: Uranium (Nuclear Energy)
LESSON 5
What are 3 BENEFITS of RENEWABLE energy sources?
Sustainability - Naturally replenished.
Environmental Benefits - little to no greenhouse gases.
Lower LONG-TERM costs - installation is expensive but maintenance and bills are cheaper.
LESSON 5
What are 3 DRAWBACKS of RENEWABLE energy sources?
Weather Dependence - some like wind and solar rely on specific weather conditions
High initial costs - Expensive to install
Land / Resource use - significant amount of land and resources are needed for sources like wind and hydropower.
LESSON 5
What are 3 BENEFITS of NON-RENEWABLE energy sources?
Reliable Energy Supply - Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas provide a consistent and stable energy supply, unlike renewables that depend on weather.
High Energy Output - They generate large amounts of energy quickly.
Affordable production & supply - Much cheaper than renewables to create and distribute.
LESSON 5
What are 3 DRAWBACKS of NON-RENEWABLE energy sources?
Resource depletion - they take millions of years to form so they will run out.
Environmental Damage - the extraction, processing and burning releases harmful greenhouse gases.
Waste & Pollution - Produces harmful byproducts like ash and toxic chemicals.
LESSON 6
List the components of an ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.
- Wires
- Light Globe
- Switch
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Resistor
- Power source (Battery/Cell/Power pack)
LESSON 6
List the things a circuit NEEDS
- An energy source
- An energy user
- Wires
LESSON 7
Define VOLTAGE.
The potential difference between two points in a circuit, which drives the flow of electric charge, and explain its unit of measurement (volts, V).
LESSON 7
Define CURRENT.
The flow of electrons/electric charge through a circuit and is measured in amperes (A) using an ammeter.
LESSON 7
Define RESISTANCE.
The opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit
LESSON 7
Name 3 factors that can affect RESISTANCE.
Material, length, and thickness of a conductor.
LESSON 8
What is OHM’S LAW?
What does each variable represent?
V=I x R
Voltage (V) is equal to the current (I) multiplied by the resistance (R)
LESSON 8
Describe how VOLTAGE, CURRENT and RESISTANCE are related
and
Provide 3 examples of how they affect each other.
They are related through OHM’S LAW.
3 examples:
- Higher Voltage Increases Current (if resistance remains the same)
- Higher Resistance Decreases Current (If voltage stays the same)
-Lower Voltage Means Less Current (if resistance stays the same)
LESSON 9
What is the difference between SERIES and PARALLEL circuits?
In a series circuit, the components are connected by a single path for the current to flow through, the same current flows through all of the components and VOLTAGE IS DIVIDED ACROSS ALL COMPONENTS.
Whereas in a parallel circuit, components are connected by MULTIPLE branches forming separate paths for the current and VOLTAGE IS EQUAL ACROSS ALL COMPONENTS.
LESSON 11
How do energy star ratings on appliances help consumers make INFORMED decisions about energy efficient appliances and calculate potential energy savings? (not very important)
Consumers can:
- Compare energy consumption (kWh/year) on the label.
- Estimate annual costs (Multiply kWh by their electricity tariff)
- Compare different models to choose the most cost-effective and energy-efficient option.
LESSON 14
What are 3 KEY reasons for the development of ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES?
- Reducing Environmental Impact:
Fossil fuels contribute to climate change (& air pollution, and habitat destruction) renewable energy sources produce little to no emissions. - Energy Security & Sustainability:
Non-renewable resources (like coal, oil, and gas) are finite.
ALTERNATIVE sources provide a long-term solution to global energy demands without depletion. - Economic & Cost Benefits:
Investments in renewable technology create jobs, lower long-term energy costs, and reduce dependence on fluctuating fossil fuel markets.
