Energy metabolism Flashcards
(13 cards)
Name four nutrients effective supporting the thyroid gland
Iodine
Selenium
Tyrosine
Zinc
Which two gut Flora findings have been association with being overweight or obese?
Higher ratio of firmicutes versus bacteriadetes phyla
Reduced Bifidobacterium
Name three functions of cholecystokinin (CCK)
It stimulates bile release for the digestion and emulsification of fats
It’s stimulates the release of pancreatic juices
It delays gastric emptying
Name four good strategies for maintaining stable blood glucose levels 
Include complex carbohydrates and low GI/GL foods
Include protein with every meal
Ling
Choose organic Whole Foods for optimum nutrition
Chew well, eat mindfully and don’t overheat. Three meals day.
Which hormone does this? Released by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose.
Insulin
What is the role of hormoneGhrelin? Where is it made and when is it triggered?
Increases appetite
Made by the stomach
Increases with food deprivation
What is the role of the hormone leptin? Where is it made?
It decreases appetite, promoting satiety and stopping feeding behaviour
It is made by fat cells
How many calories in 1 g of?
Carbohydrates - 4
Protein - 4
Fat - 9
Alcohol - 7
Fibre - 2
In insulin resistance Lipolysis is not inhibited, leading to visceral fat deposition. As this fat deposition increases, adipodectin decreases which increases insulin sensitivity. This type of adipose tissue can produce ** inflammatory** cytokines including TNF-a and interleukin-6
Note that Adiponectin is an adipose specific protein hormone that increases the oxidation of fatty acids, promotes the clearance of excess fat and tissues and improves insulin sensitivity
What is adiponectin how is it relevant to insulin resistance?
Adiponectin is an adipose specific protein hormone that
- increases the oxidation of fatty acids
- promotes the clearance of excess fat and tissues and,
- improves insulin sensitivity
- Because insulin is involved in fat storage as well as in managing glucose in the blood increase levels of insulin will inhibit lipolysis – the breakdown of fat from adipose tissue
- The outcome of this is a buildup of visceral fat.
- As visceral fat increases adiponectin production decreases.
Where is Grehlin produced?
The stomach.
Specifically when the stomach is empty ghrelin is produced to stimulate feeding behaviour and is suppressed after a meal
List 6 ways to improve Leptin sensitivity
A gluten-free diet
Reducing sugar consumption
Increasing probiotic foods
Reduce inflammation by following an anti-inflammatory diet
Regular exercise
Sleep hygiene
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the food reward centre?
 dopamine
