Life Stages Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the benefits of breastfeeding for babies and mothers?
- provides the perfect nutrient profile
- helps to colonise the digestive tract and build their immune system
- Reduces risk of allergic conditions such as eczema, asthma, and food allergies as a result
- Mothers passes on immunity to fight off dangers and help train and build an immune system
- Builds oxytocin in the mother which builds the relationship with baby and child and helps to retract the uterus back to its original size 
- less of a faff
- Aids birth weight loss for most mums due to increased energy expenditure
- conserves iron stores to help with fatigue and mood postpartum 
List three postpartum nutrients and explain their importance
Vitamin C for collagen synthesis and wound healing and iron absorption. Replenish reserves depleted due to stress
Probiotic foods which is especially important to the baby is born by Caesarian or if the mother has given antibiotics during or after labour
Magnesium for nervous system health and for energy. Like vitamin C it gets depleted during times of stress.
Protein in order to replenish reserves and for breastmilk production
Iron to prevent fatigue and altered cognition
B. Vitamins for energy production 
EPA/DHA for neural and eye development and to replenish brain tissue
What would you recommend to a new mother to help established breastfeeding?
- set up breastfeeding support before your baby is born – hire a doula or lactation consultant or familiarise yourself with local breastfeeding support spots
- spend the first week
Post parting at home with plenty of skin-to-skin contact - feed on demand - especially at night
- consider pumping to get some rest between feeds.
How can you tell if a baby is ready for the I introduction of solids
Normally around the six-month mark.
Physiologically when babies are able to sit up unaided
They start to show an interest in food - try to grab it or put food in their mouth
Which foods should you avoid when breastfeeding?
Onion and garlic can upset the baby
Cruciferous veg can make baby more gassy
Alcohol
Caffeine
What foods should you avoid when weaning?
Start weaning at around six months and ideally keep breastfeeding to add protection from allergenic foods via antibodies in the breastmilk
Avoid foods which are known for allergic reactions until closer to 12 months of age – eggs, peanuts, fish, and wheat
High sugar/snacks
Soya foods are harder to digest
Cows milk reduced iron levels and affects GI tract
Canned veg that have sodium - not good for immature kidneys
Honey
List the contributing factors for childhood obesity
- Processed foods and hyper palatable foods such as sugary cereal, ready meals, soft drinks, crisps, high fat and calorie fast food)
- Excessive screen time
- Lack of movement
- Disregarding hunger and society signals
- inadequate sleep
What would you recommended to a parent who has a picky eater
Children have an innate intuition about satiety levels and we need to respect that and allow them to decide how much and whether to eat. We can decide on the what, where and when.
Not turning the meal times into a battlefield put the food in the middle and let the child pick what they want
Use the try it 10 times rule not at the dinner table
Mindfulness
Cooking with a child
Growing own food
What factors can influence food intake during adolescence?
Peer pressure and social self conscious
Body consciousness
Physiological factors - growth spurts
Alcohols and drug use
Sport activity and associated body shape
Might have Own money to spend on food/snacks
Economic factors - lack of availability
Explain why iron needs increase during adolescence
Blood volume increases with growth - growth spurts
Females - menstruation
Males lean body mass develops
Describe the energetics of agin
Cold - fatigue, cold hands and feet and reduced circulation
Therefore warm, lightly spiced foods
dry - wrinkles, dry skin, joint pain
Therefore more liquid, hydrating muculagenius foods
List 3 of the contributing factors for sarcopenia?
- Reduced hormones - sex, hormones, growth, hormones, and insulin resistance have anabolic effect on muscle
- Lack of movement / sedentary lifestyle
- Poor nutritional status
- inflammation
- chronic disease such as cancer or heart failure
What can cause malnutrition in the elderly?
Hormonal changes that can affect appetite
Oral health
Poor absorption
Physical - incapacity such as arthritis which make cooking difficult, no support systems, or getting out to get food
Economic
Describe the changes that occur in the GI tract in the elderly
- Reduction in HCL affect digestion and absorption from food.
- Reduction in intrinsic factor and therefore absorbability of B12
- Poor Microbiome health potentially leading to SIBO and other intestinal bacterial infections
- Iron deficiency due to impaired absorption
- reduced gastric motility and gastric emptying meaning don’t feel hungry
How does NAD plus affect aging and what can you do to increase NAD plus levels?
NAD plus is a primary anti-aging molecule.it activates anti ageing genes.
It is increased by
- exercise the stimulates mitochondrial function
- Getting adequate sleep
- Fasting/periodic calorie restriction
- Eating a nourishing diet which includes avocados, green leafy vegetables, fish, nuts, creamy mushrooms, fermented foods
- Avoiding stimulating the opposing molecule NADH with over eating and alcohol consumption
Why is CoQ10 a helpful nutrient for the elderly?
It is a powerful antioxidant that prevents oxidative stress and inflammation
It reduces with age and with statin use
It’s support the immune system and facilitates ATP product
It is especially important for cardiovascular problems such as coronary disease, hypertension, angina, and arthrosclerosis 
Describe the benefits of dandelion root tea in the elderly
It enhances digestion because
- it is a bitter herb and stimulates release of digestive juices
- Supports liver detoxification because of its bitterness.
- A mild laxative and diuretic
- promotes peristalsis
Don’t forget about the leaves which are also great
Describe the relevance of telomeres to aging
Therese, I found the ends of chromosomes. As a normal cellular process a small portion of telomere DNA is lost with each cell division and therefore every time a cell divides it gets shorter.
When telling me length reaches a critical limit, the cell undergoes apoptosis.
Tell me a length can therefore serve a biological clock to determine the lifespan of a cell and an organism
Study show that short telomeres are a risk for cancer
Tamir shortening is accelerated by smoking and poor diet
Explain Volta Longo’s dietary advice for longevity
Eat a diet high in plant foods with fish two or three meals a week. Most protein should come from plant food but animal protein after the age of 65 to 70 to replace losing muscle mass.
Eat in the way that your ancestors ate (helps prevent autoimmunity disorders
Restrict eating to 11 to 12 hours a day to stimulate cell apoptosis
