Energy Processing - energy, enzymes

Question 1

what is kinetic energy associated with?

Answer 1

motion

Question 2

what is potential energy based on?

Answer 2

position, location, arrangement

Question 3

What is the reaction when delta G is less then zero (-)?

Answer 3

spontaneous, exergonic

Question 4

What is the reaction when delta G equal to zero (0)?

Answer 4

equilibrium, no net change occurs

Question 5

what is the reaction of delta G when it is greater then zero (+)?

Answer 5

not spontaneous (requires input of free energy); endergonic

Question 6

What is the equation for delta G?

Answer 6

delta G = delta H - T delta S

Question 7

What is energy coupling?

Answer 7

when coupling reactions - the overall delta G needs to be negative

Question 8

What are the 2 rules for coupling reactions in order for it to work?

Answer 8

1. one reactions has to be exergonic (delta G = -) and the other has to be endergonic (delta G = +)
2. both has to add up to a negative delta G

Question 9

What types of work does ATP help with?

Answer 9

chemical, transport, mechanical

Question 10

What is the function of an enzyme?

Answer 10

help speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required for that reaction

Question 11

Do enzymes lower/highten activation energy and speed up/slow down reactions?

Answer 11

lower, speed up

Question 12

what is activation energy?

Answer 12

the amount of energy require to initiate a chemical reaction

Question 13

what is catalytic cycle?

Answer 13

sequence of chemical reactions that occur during a catalytic process, where a catalyst facilitates the transformation of reactants into products

Question 14

Explain how the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction changes with temperature and pH

Answer 14

temp. - as temp. increases the reaction rate also increases until it reaches optimal temperature, where if an enzyme goes beyond this point then it becomes inactivated
pH - have an optimal pH where they function the most effectively

Question 15

Explain competitive and noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 15

compet. - occurs when a molecule (inhibitor) competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme
noncompet. - occurs when the inhibitor binds to a site on the enzyme other than the active site, causing a change in the enzyme’s structure

Question 16

Explain feedback inhibition, allosteric inhibition/activation cooperativity

Answer 16

feedback inhibition - a regulatory mechanism where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme in the same pathway
allosteric inhibition - occurs when a molecule binds to an allosteric site on an enzyme, causing a change in the enzyme structure
activation cooperativity - type of allosteric regulation where the binding of one substrate to an enzyme enhances the binding or activity of substrate molecules