Mutations

Question 1

What are mutations?

Answer 1

changes in DNA, occurs in the coding sequence of DNA (start codon to stop codon)

Question 2

What are the 2 types of mutation?

Answer 2

base pair/point mutations
frameshift mutations

Question 3

What are the 3 types of base pair/point mutations and their functions?

Answer 3

silent - no change in the amino acid
missense - changes the amino acid (change in protein structure depends on R group type (nonpolar, polar, acidic, basic)
nonsense - stop codon is introduced

Question 4

what are frameshift mutations?

Answer 4

insertion or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides that creates a shift in the reading frame; insertion or deletion of 3 nucleotides does not create a frameshift mutation

Question 5

How does DNA polymerase fix errors during replication?

Answer 5

when DNA has a mistake or damage, DNA poly (the nucleotide excision repair system) kicks in, breaks and removes the damaged part and replaces it with the correct sequence