energy requirements and special diets Flashcards
(28 cards)
what does food do?
give us energy to do work
how do we breakdown food?
in a process called respiration to release the energy stored in the food
what is the amount of energy obtained from food measured in?
joules or kilojoules
calories or kilocalories
how much energy is needed when a person is asleep
2400 kJ for eight hours
how much energy is needed when a person is awake and relatively inactive
3000 kJ for 8 hours
amount of energy needed for a person who is awake and physically active
6600 kJ for 8 hours
what is the total amount of energy an adult requires on average
12 000 kJ
for who are energy requirements usually greater for
men
generally have more muscle than women
muscle needs energy to contract and bring about movement
until when do energy requirements increase up to
about age 18 years and then decrease as a person gets older
why? children 0 to 18 yrs are still growing which requires more energy
also as an adult ages there is a decrease in muscle tissue and increase in fat tissue leading to a fall in basal metabolic rate BMR
many people also become less active as they get older
how do energy requirements increase
energy requirements increase with increased levels of activity
who requires more protein
men due to greater muscle mass than women usually develop in mens shoulders and legs
who requires more fat
women due to greater fat storage this occurs in hips thighs and breasts
what do women who are pregnant or lactating require more of
vitamins and minerals
hypertension: describe and list dietary restrictions
high blood pressure
eat more fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy foods, whole grain foods, fish, poultry, nuts
cut back on foods high in in sat fat cholesterol and trans fats and sodium sweets sugary drinks and red meats
kidney disease
kidneys do not work well as they should causing waste and fluid to build up in the body
limits potassium and phosphorous and fluids in their diet
eat more apples cranberries cauliflower onions lettuce white breads beef chicken white rice
diabetes
unable to regulate their blood glucose levels
eat three meals a day at regular times helps to better use insulin that body produces or gets through medication
eat more healthy carbohydrates fiber rich foods fish and good fats
limit foods containing sat fats trans fats cholesterol and sodium
define lacto vegetarian
excludes meat fish poultry and eggs as well as foods that contain them
includes dairy products such as milk cheese yoghurt
define ovo vegetarian
exclude meat poultry seafood dairy products
include eggs
define lacto ovo vegetarian
exclude meat poultry fish
allows dairy products and eggs
define pescatarian
exclude meat poultry dairy eggs
include fish
vegan definition
exclude meat poultry fish eggs dairy products and foods which contain them
eldery persons diet
since elderly since generally less active require less food
may lose their teeth and would need to eat softer foods such as mashed potatoes soups
less food can sometimes result in insufficient essential nutrients so that vitamin supplements may need to be taken
growing childs diet
more protein for growth of cells
more calcium for strong bones and teeth
more iron for production of red blood cells
more vitamin D for absorption of calcium for healthy bones and teeth
more vit A for disease resistance
pregnant woman special diet
folic acid - brain development of foetus
essential fatty acids for brain development and cell division
calcium for bone development
iron for the production of red blood cells to transport oxygen
carbohydrates for energy for growth of foetus
protein for growth of foetal tissue
