Energy Storage and Transmission

Question 1

1. Electricity is often converted to other forms of energy because:
   a. It’s easier to see.
   b. It can’t be stored easily by itself.
   c. It’s too dangerous to store.
   d. It’s always cheaper to convert.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

2. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind need energy storage because:
   a. They are always expensive.
   b. They produce energy all the time.
   c. They depend on weather and are not always available.
   d. They are too powerful.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

3. Which type of energy is generally harder to convert into other forms?
   a. Electrical energy
   b. Mechanical energy
   c. Thermal energy
   d. Chemical energy

Answer 3

C

Question 4

4. Storing solar energy to use at night is an example of:
   a. Power quality.
   b. Utility shaping.
   c. Automotive applications.
   d. Distributed grid technologies.

Answer 4

B

Question 5

5. What is the main purpose of “power quality” applications?
   a. To store energy for long periods.
   b. To keep power steady and prevent outages.
   c. To power electric cars.
   d. To generate energy at home.

Answer 5

B

Question 6

6. Electric vehicles use energy storage to:
   a. Make roads smoother.
   b. Power the vehicle when it’s moving.
   c. Make the car lighter.
   d. Cool the engine.

Answer 6

B

Question 7

7. What is “energy transmission”?
   a. Making energy at home.
   b. Moving energy from where it’s made to where it’s used.
   c. Storing energy for later.
   d. Using energy in a car.

Answer 7

B

Question 8

8. What are “distributed resources”?
   a. Energy sources located far from cities.
   b. Energy sources located at the edges of the grid, near users.
   c. Old, unused power plants.
   d. Very large power plants.

Answer 8

B

Question 9

9. What is the benefit of “advanced composite conductors”?
   a. They make power lines heavier.
   b. They make power lines stronger and lighter.
   c. They make power lines more visible.
   d. They make power lines more expensive.

Answer 9

B

Question 10

10. What is the main reason for energy storage in “Variations in Demand”?
    a. To make energy more expensive.
    b. To balance energy use between high and low demand times.
    c. To increase power outages.
    d. To make power transmission harder.

Answer 10

B

Question 11

11. What is the relationship between energy density and system size in energy storage technologies?
    a. Higher energy density usually means larger system size.
    b. Energy density is not affected by system size but directly impacts efficiency.
    c. Larger systems tend to have better energy density and specific energy due to economies of scale.
    d. Energy density is irrelevant for systems intended for utility-scale applications.

Answer 11

C

Question 12

12. What is the primary role of demand response and energy management systems?
    a. To audit power bills for accuracy
    b. To delay appliance restart after blackout events
    c. To manage peak loads and reduce electricity costs
    d. To switch feeders between multiple supply points

Answer 12

C

Question 13

13. What is the main reason why pumped hydro storage systems require large areas and significant terrain modification?
    a. Their need for modular installation and rapid scalability.
    b. They require significant elevation differences or underground caverns to operate efficiently.
    c. They are designed to have a very low footprint to minimize land use.
    d. They are highly modular and can be integrated into existing urban areas without much space.

Answer 13

B

Question 14

14. Load forecasting systems differ from basic consumption models because they:
    a. Use AI and weather data for continuously adaptive predictions
    b. Control capacitor banks to stabilize power flow
    c. Switch distributed resources based on local pricing
    d. Analyze blackout scenarios through customer feedback

Answer 14

A

Question 15

15. Which statement best describes the expected role of energy storage in a future energy system by 2030?
    a. Energy storage systems will be obsolete by 2030, replaced by advanced renewable generation technologies.
    b. The primary role of energy storage will be to increase flexibility and reduce the need for fossil-based peak generation, particularly with the rise of solar and wind power.
    c. Energy storage will become less important as grid expansion and demand-side management programs take over energy balancing needs.
    d. By 2030, storage technologies will no longer need to be integrated with renewable generation systems as energy demand will stabilize.

Answer 15

B

Question 16

16. System-sensitive devices are specifically designed to:
    a. Allow real-time market bidding from consumers
    b. Automatically curtail or adjust power use based on grid frequency and voltage
    c. Reconfigure transmission paths for emergency energy supply
    d. Replace analog power meters with smart devices

Answer 16

B

Question 17

17. Which of the following statements about energy storage demand is most accurate?
    a. Energy storage demand is determined primarily by market outlook studies, which estimate future market growth for storage systems.
    b. Energy storage demand is independent of alternative flexibility options like grid extension or demand-side management.
    c. The technical necessity of energy storage is assessed without considering the economic feasibility of implementing such capacity.
    d. Flexible conventional generation is the sole factor in determining storage demand for renewable electricity integration.

Answer 17

A

Question 18

18. How do distribution capacity marketplaces influence grid development?
    a. By allowing distributed resources to replace centralized generation permanently
    b. By replacing traditional energy trading with AI-based optimization
    c. By posting upgrade costs and enabling third-party alternatives to infrastructure expansion
    d. By increasing fault tolerance across entire regional systems

Answer 18

C

Question 19

19. When comparing energy storage systems, which factor most directly impacts the complexity and cost of implementing smaller-scale storage systems?
    a. Self-discharge duration
    b. Footprint
    c. Unit size
    d. Energy density

Answer 19

B

Question 20

21. In a battery, the electrolyte’s primary function is to:
    a. Provide electrons to the external load.
    b. Accept electrons from the positive electrode.
    c. Facilitate charge transfer between electrodes.
    d. Store the chemical energy.

Answer 20

C

Question 20

20. Which of the following storage technologies is most likely to be deployed in urban areas due to its small footprint and flexibility?
    a. Pumped hydro storage
    b. Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
    c. Lithium-ion batteries
    d. Flywheel storage system

Answer 20

C

Question 21

22. Which of the following battery types is known for potentially exhibiting the “memory effect”?
    a. Nickel-cadmium
    b. Lithium-ion
    c. Lead-acid
    d. Lithium polymer

Answer 21

A

Question 22

23. Pumped hydro energy storage primarily relies on:
    a. Chemical reactions.
    b. Compressed air.
    c. Potential energy of water.
    d. Flywheel rotation.

Answer 22

C

Question 23

24. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems typically use:
    a. Chemical electrolytes.
    b. Underground caverns or aquifers.
    c. Rotating cylinders.
    d. Sensible heat storage.

Answer 23

B

Question 24

25. Flywheel energy storage systems store energy in the form of: a. Chemical potential. b. Compressed gas. c. Rotational kinetic energy. d. Thermal energy.

Answer 24

C

Question 25

26. Sensible heat storage is primarily related to: a. Phase changes. b. Chemical reactions. c. Temperature changes in a substance. d. Latent heat of vaporization.

Answer 25

C

Question 26

27. Latent heat storage involves: a. Temperature changes in a substance. b. Phase changes at a constant temperature. c. Kinetic energy of rotation. d. Potential energy of water.

Answer 26

B

Question 27

28. Which of the following is a key advantage of using water as a sensible heat storage medium? a. High specific heat and density. b. Low specific heat. c. High flammability d. High cost.

Answer 27

A

Question 28

29. The primary process for converting biomass into ethanol is: a. Fermentation b. Gasification. c. Pyrolysis d. Partial oxidation.

Answer 28

A

Question 29

30. Syngas production from biomass involves processes like: a. Photosynthesis. b. Hydrolysis. c. Electrolysis. d. Partial oxidation and pyrolysis.

Answer 29

D

Question 30

31. Which of the following is an advantage of lithium-ion batteries? a. Low energy density b. High upfront costs c. Potential for thermal runaway d. High energy density

Answer 30

D

Question 31

32. Which energy storage technology is known for its long lifespan and large-scale capacity but is limited by geographical constraints? a. Lithium-ion Batteries b. Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) c. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) d. Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB)

Answer 31

B

Question 32

33. A key disadvantage of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is that it: a. Has a short service life. b. Has very low energy density. c. Consumes fossil fuels during operation. d. Is not economically viable.

Answer 32

C

Question 33

34. Which energy storage technology is highlighted for being scalable and recyclable, making it suitable for long-duration storage? a. Supercapacitors b. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) c. Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) d. Lithium-ion Batteries

Answer 33

C

Question 34

35. What is a significant limitation of supercapacitors? a. Very long lifespan b. High energy storage capacity c. Rapid response time d. High self-discharge rate

Answer 34

D

Question 35

36. Which energy storage technology faces economic challenges for widespread adoption due to its high costs and complex cooling systems? a. Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) b. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) c. Lithium-ion Batteries d. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

Answer 35

B

Question 36

37. What type of batteries are now the most popular choice for e-trikes due to their high energy density and lighter weight? a. Lead-Acid Batteries b. Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries c. Lithium-Ion Batteries d. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries

Answer 36

C

Question 37

38. What is a significant environmental concern associated with lead-acid batteries? a. They have extremely long lifespans. b. They release hazardous materials if improperly recycled. c. Their mining process is environmentally friendly. d. They have very high energy density.

Answer 37

B

Question 38

39. Which of the following is an economic barrier to the wider adoption of energy storage? a. Very short ROI timelines for investors. b. Energy markets that strongly reward storage for grid balancing. c. Low upfront costs of lithium-ion battery systems. d. Market design flaws that don't adequately value storage services.

Answer 38

D

Question 39

40. Reliance on rare earth minerals like lithium and cobalt for energy storage raises which type of risk? a. Environmental risks related to reduced pollution. b. Geopolitical risks due to concentrated reserves. c. Technological risks associated with oversupply. d. Economic risks related to decreasing prices.

Answer 39

B