Energy Systems Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the characteristics of ATP
- adenosine combined with three phosphates
- only useable for of energy
- small store within the muscles
- last phosphate has a high energy bond
- broken down in the process of ATPase
- exothermic reaction
what are thew characteristics of the ATP/PC system
high intensity work
short duration (3-10 secs)
anaerobic
yeild of PC:ATP = 1:1
occurs in the muscle sarcoplasm
describe a coupled reaction
products from one reaction are used in another
- creatine kinase released, PC is broken down (PC -> P + C + energy)
- energy and phosphate binds with ADP left in the cell and produce ATP (energy + ADP + P -> ATP)
- ATP is used for high intensity exercise
what are the long term affects of anaerobic training
- increase in ATP and PC stores
- provides energy for longer when exercise is max effort
- increased number of anaerobic enzymes
- increased possible peak power
what are the strengths of the ATP/PC system
- no delay for oxygen
- PC readily available in muscle cell
- simple and rapid breakdown of PC and resynthesis of ATP
- provides energy for high intensity activities
- no fatiguing by-products
what are the strengths of the ATP/PC system
- no delay for oxygen
- PC readily available in muscle cell
- simple and rapid breakdown of PC and resynthesis of ATP
- provides energy for high intensity activities
- no fatiguing by-products
what’s a weakness of ATP/PC system
- low ATP yeild and small PC stores leading to rapid fatigue
what are the characteristics of the glycolitic system
- occurs in the muscle sarcoplasm
- yeild of glucose:ATP is 1:2
- anaerobic
what are the characteristics of the glycolitic system
- occurs in the muscle sarcoplasm
- yeild of glucose:ATP is 1:2
- anaerobic
describe what happens during anaerobic glycolysis
- glycogen from liver stores is broken down into glucose by GPP (glycogen phosphorolase)
- glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid by PFK (phosphofructokinase)
- this makes 2 ATP in the process
- pyruvic acid is then broken down into lacic acid by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
describe what happens during anaerobic glycolysis
- glycogen from liver stores is broken down into glucose by GPP (glycogen phosphorolase)
- glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid by PFK (phosphofructokinase)
- this makes 2 ATP in the process
- pyruvic acid is then broken down into lacic acid by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
what does OBLA stand for
onset of blood lactate accumulation
what does OBLA stand for
onset of blood lactate accumulation
what are the strengths of the glycolytic system
- no delay for O2 as large fuel store’s in the liver, muscle and bloodstreams
- relatively fast fuel breakdown for ATP resynthesis
- produces energy for high intensity activities
- lactic acid can be recycled into fuel for further energy production
what are weaknesses of the glycolytic system
- lactic acid reduces pH and enzyme activity
- relatively low ATP yeild
- recovery can be lengthy
what are the characteristics of the aerobic energy system
- uses oxygen as it’s aerobic
- low intesnsity activities
- longer duration
- activities lasting 3+ minutes
dedscribe what happens in the aerobic energy system
STAGE 1: AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS
1. glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid
2. pyruvic acid goes through a link reaction catalysed by CoA which produces Acetyl CoA
STAGE 2: KREB CYCLE
3. oxaolacetic acid binds with Acetyl CoA to produce citric acid, this is oxidised through reactions
4. hydrogen and CO2 is released, energy synthesise 2ATP
STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
5. H ions are carried down ETC, along cristae b y NAD and FAD, splitting into ions and electrons
6. ions are oxidised and removed as H2O
7. electrons are carried by NADH and FADH, resynthesise 34 ATP
what are the strengths of the aerobic system
- large fuel stores, triglycerides, FFA’s, glycogen and glucose
- high ATP yeild and long duration of energy production
- no fatiguing by-products
what are the weaknesses of the aerobic system
- delay for oxygen delivery and complex series of rections
- slow energy production limits activity to sub-maximal activity
- triglycerides and FFA’s demand for 15% more oxygen for breakdown
what are FFA’s
free fatty acids
they’re an alternative energy store to glucose
FFA’s converted into acetyl CoA then follow the Kreb cycle
produce a higher yeild of ATP
what’s an energy continuum
relative contribution of each energy system depending on intensity and duration
what other factors effect which energy system is used
- playing position
- level of competition: hard match with tough competition is more likely to be higher intensity, using anaerobic systems, than lower level competitions
- tactics and strategies: man-man marking is higher intensity than zonal marking
- structure of the game: large pitch would be more aerobic than games on smaller courts
