Energy Systems

Question 1

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 2

Describe the structure of ATP

Answer 2

1 adenosine molecule.
3 phosphate molecules.

Question 3

Name the enzyme that breaks the bond of ATP to release energy.

Answer 3

ATPase

Question 4

Describe what remains once an ATP bond has been broken and energy released.

Answer 4

ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi).

Question 5

What keyword is used to describe ADP and an inorganic phosphate combining to form ATP.

Answer 5

Re-synthesis

Question 6

Name the four main fuel for ATP re-synthesis

Answer 6

Glycogen
Fats
Protein
Phosphocreatine

Question 7

State the three energy systems

Answer 7

The aerobic oxidative system
Anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid)
ATP-PC

Question 8

What system is used when intensity is low and duration is long.

Answer 8

Aerobic oxidative system

Question 9

Name the three stages of the aerobic oxidative system.

Answer 9

Glycolysis
The kerb cycle
The electron transport chain (E.T.C)

Question 10

Where does glycolysis within the aerobic oxidative system take place?

Answer 10

The sarcoplasm

Question 11

How many ATP are produced within glycolysis of the aerobic oxidative system?

Answer 11

2 ATO

Question 12

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose in to what acid?

Answer 12

Pyruvic acid

Question 13

During glycolysis within the aerobic oxidative system, oxygen isn present so pyruvic acid is converted into what?

Answer 13

Acetylene coenzyme A

Question 14

What happens to pyruvix acid if oxygen. Is not present within glycolysis?

Answer 14

It forms lactic acid

Question 15

What percentage of energy yield is contributed by protein

Answer 15

15%

Question 16

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 16

Muscles and liver

Question 17

Where do the second and third stages of the aerobic oxidative system take place?

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

Name the 4 things produced in the kerb cycle

Answer 18

Water
Carbon dioxide
2 ATP
Hydrogen ions

Question 19

Of the four things produced in the kerb cycle, which one enters the electron transport chain?

Answer 19

The hydrogen ions

Question 20

How much ATP is produced in the electron transport chain

Answer 20

32 - 34 ATP

Question 21

How much ATP is produced overall in the aerobic oxidative system

Answer 21

36-38 ATP

Question 22

What is the name given to the breakdown of stored fat

Answer 22

Beta oxidation

Question 23

True or false, one positive of the aerobic oxidative system is that there is not fatiguing by products.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

As a percentage, how much more oxygen is required to break down a molecule of fat, compared to glucose.

Answer 24

15%

Question 25

How would you describe the energy yield of the aerobic oxidative system

Answer 25

Extremely high energy yield. This is a positive of this system

Question 26

Describe the speed that energy is produced within the aerobic energy system

Answer 26

This system has a slow speed of energy production. It can take minutes for this system to produce energy. It is not rapid. This is a negative.

Question 27

What running event most predominantly engages the anaerobic glycolytic system

Answer 27

400m running.

Question 28

What running event most predominantly engages the aerobic oxidative system

Answer 28

Marathon running

Question 29

What running event most predominantly engages the ATP-PC system

Answer 29

60m indoors 100m outdoors

Question 30

Within what time periods is the anaerobic glycolytic system the predominant supplier for energy

Answer 30

From 8-10 seconds up to 3 minutes

Question 31

How much ATP is produced within anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 31

2 ATP

Question 32

Where does anaerobic glycolysis take place

Answer 32

In the sarcoplasm

Question 33

What happens to pyruvic acid within the anaerobic glycolytic system and why?

Answer 33

It turns into lactic acid due to lack of oxygen

Question 34

What enzyme breaks glycogen into glucose

Answer 34

Glycogen phosphorylase

Question 35

What enzyme breaks glucose into pyruvic acid

Answer 35

Phosphofuctvokinase (PFK)

Question 36

What enzyme breaks pyruvic acid into lactic acid

Answer 36

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 37

True or false, if oxygen is present lactic acid can be converted back into glycogen

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Why is energy production in the anaerobic oxidative system much quicker than the aerobic glycolytic system

Answer 38

There are fewer reactions

Question 39

How would you describe the energy yield of the anaerobic glycolytic system

Answer 39

A small energy yield. 2 ATP total

Question 40

One negative of the anaerobic glycolytic system is the build up of lactic acid. How does lactic acid effect enzymes

Answer 40

It denatures enzymes. Prevents the rate at which chemical reactions can take place

Question 41

As percentages, how does energy yielded from aerobic conditions compare to anaerobic conditions

Answer 41

5% of energy comes from anaerobic conditions 95% cones from aerobic conditions

Question 42

The third and final system is the ATP-PC system. What does ATP-PC stand for

Answer 42

Adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine

Question 43

Howl long does the ATP-PC provide energy for

Answer 43

8-10 seconds

Question 44

Phosphocreatine is an energy rich compound broken down quickly to resynthesis ATP but where is it found

Answer 44

In the sarcoplasm

Question 45

How long will stored ATP alone provide energy for

Answer 45

2 seconds

Question 46

What enzyme is responsible for detecting high levels of ADP and breaking the phosphocreatine bond

Answer 46

Creatine kinase

Question 47

Give the four advantages of the ATP-PC system

Answer 47

Energy release immediately, ATP resynthesised quickly, high intensity activity can be repeated after short recover and no waste products

Question 48

Give an additional advantage of the ATP-PC system

Answer 48

ATP-PC system can be extended though the use of dietary creatine supplements

Question 49

Give three disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

Answer 49

Limited stores of phosphocreatine, high intensity activity can only last 8-10 seconds and full recovery takes 2-3 minutes

Question 50

True or false,energy systems work in isolation

Answer 50

False. However is always the predominant supplier for energy

Question 51

Name the muscle fibre type associated with the aerobic system

Answer 51

Type 1 fibres. Slow twitch oxidative

Question 52

Name the muscle fibre type associated with the ATP-PC system

Answer 52

Type 2b fibres Fast twitch glycolytic

Question 53

Name the muscle fibre type associated with the anaerobic glycolytic system

Answer 53

Type 2a fibres. Fast twitch oxidative

Question 54

What are two main impacts of increased creatine stores; an adaptation of energy systems

Answer 54

A performer can exercise anaerobically for a longer duration. They can produce faster and more powerful repeated movements.

Question 55

Explain why, through training, our energy systems adapt to be better able to tolerate lactic acid

Answer 55

Extension of capillary networks, increase in blood flow, increases ability to oxidise Pyruvic acid

Question 56

One adaptation is energy systems become able yo increase its use of fats. When does fat oxidation increase within an athlete

Answer 56

After 9 minutes to 2 hours. Once glycogen stores are depleted

Question 57

Name the two additional factors affecting the energy systems

Answer 57

Diabetes/hypoglycemic attacks Children’s lack of lactate system

Question 58

Type 1 diabetes is a condition where blood glucose is too high, why does this happen

Answer 58

Glucose can not enter the body’s cells. So it builds up in the blood

Question 59

What hormone is produced and where is it produced that allows glucose to enter a body’s cell

Answer 59

The hormone is insulin and it is produced in the pancreas

Question 60

What causes a hypoglycaemic attacks

Answer 60

Abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood

Question 61

Give 5 warning signs of hlpglycaemic attacks

Answer 61

Hunger Trembling Shakiness Sweating Confusion Difficulty concentrating

Question 62

Describe the children’s lack of lactate system

Answer 62

A child's lactate system (anaerobic glycolytic) is not fully developed. The waste product lactic acid can not be removed effectively, so it builds up. Children should only engage in aerobic exercise.

Question 63

How does the ATP-PC system work?

Answer 63

The breakdown of ATP triggers an enzyme known as creatine kinase to initiate the breakdown of PC into phosphate and creatine. Phosphocreatine resynthesises ATP

Question 64

What is the Krebs cycle?

Answer 64

Pyruvic acid produced during glycolytic enters the mitochondria ad is converted into acetylene coenzyme A which combines with oxaloacetic form citric acid. Further chemical reactions occur to weird enough energy to re-synthesis 2 ATP molecules. Bi products of these reactions include carbon dioxide which is exhaled by the lungs and hydrogen which is transported to the site of the Electron Transport System chain

Question 65

What is the lactic acid system

Answer 65

Sarcoplasm which turn carbohydrate into pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. The differences now being the lack of oxygen meaning the carrier molecule NAD+ cannot offload the hydrogen ions by product of glycolysis causing a build in the cell. To try to prevent an increase in acidity the pyruvic acid accepts the H+ forming lactic acid.