Energy systems

Question 1

two type of energy systems

Answer 1

Anaerobic pathway

aerobic pathway

Question 2

Anaerobic pathway

Answer 2

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate breaks down to produce energy. Adenosine plus two phosphates in which one breaks away to give Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

CP: Creatine phosphate is added to the adenosine diphosphate to create ATP + C

requires oxygen

Question 3

Aerobic Pathway:

Answer 3

Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac and arteriovenous difference increase to allow working muscles with enough oxygen to produce ATP aerobically
Breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins with sufficient oxygen creates energy to produce ATP (rebonds)
• By-products include carbon dioxide and water
• Carbohydrates can last for 2-3hrs

Question 4

The ATP-CP system (lactic)

Answer 4

• The most immediate source of ATP
• Small amounts of Adenosine Triphosphate are stored in muscles releasing energy when phosphate bonds are broken
• Creatine phosphate is used to re-create ATP (phosphate bonds with ADP) however stores are also limited
• Only last for 10seconds of high intense physical activity
• Predominant system producing ATP for sudden bursts of energy

Question 5

The Lactic acid system (Anaerobic Glycolytic system):

Answer 5

Uses carbohydrates from food eaten to manufacture ATP
Carbohydrates converted to Glucose (Glycogen when stored)
Enzymes convert glycogen into lactic acid and during the reaction create energy
The build-up of lactic acid can be toxic and create fatigue
Therefore provides ATP for up to 90 seconds (2-3minutes)

Question 6

Interplay of Energy Systems

Answer 6

• During physical activity, all three energy systems are in play
• However the relative dominance of the energy systems change
• For the first ten seconds, the main source of ATP is the Alactic (ATP-PC) system
• After 10seconds, the Lactic acid is the major source of ATP
• After 2 minutes oxygen supply has increased allowing the aerobic system to contribute significant amounts of ATP