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Sports Studies > Energy systems - (ATP-PC system, Glycolytic system and Aerobic system) > Flashcards

Energy systems - (ATP-PC system, Glycolytic system and Aerobic system) Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take to recover the PC system?

A

2-3 mins

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2
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

1 adenosine
3 phosphates

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3
Q

How does ATP power muscles?

A

One phosphate splits off which releases energy needed

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4
Q

How long can ATP be used for?

A

2 secs

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5
Q

What kind of reaction is the ATP breakdown?

A

Exothermic

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6
Q

What kind of reaction is the ATP resynthesis?

A

Endothermic

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7
Q

What is ATP resynthesis?

A

When energy from the surrounding area is absorbed to rebuild the high-energy bond between ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a single phosphate.

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8
Q

What is adenosine diphosphate?

A

When ATP loses one phosphate the result is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and one phosphate.

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9
Q

When is the ATP system in use?

A

When doing anaerobic/maximal work.

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10
Q

what is creatine kinase?

A

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of the immediately available fuel phosphocreatine.

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11
Q

Where is phosphocreatine (PC) broken down?

A

Anaerobically in the sarcoplasm.

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12
Q

What is the coupled reaction formed?

A

Where the breakdown of PC releases a free phosphate and energy which can then be used to resynthesise ATP.

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13
Q

How long does it take for PC stores to be used up?

A

Approximately 8 secs
Can be up to 10 secs

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14
Q

What is the site of the reaction in the Glycolytic system?

A

The sarcoplasm.

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15
Q

What is the food fuel used in the Glycolytic system?

A

Glycogen/glucose

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16
Q

What are the controlling enzymes in the Glycolytic system?

A

PFK and LDH

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17
Q

What is the ATP yield of the Glycolytic system?

A

1 mole of glycogen yields 2 moles of ATP (1:2)

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18
Q

What are the specific stages of the Glycolytic system?

A

Glycolysis

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19
Q

what are the bi-products of the Glycolytic system?

A

Lactic acid

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20
Q

Intensity of activity needed in the Glycolytic system?

A

High intensity

21
Q

What is the duration of the Glycolytic system?

A

Up to 3 mins depending on intensity

22
Q

Strengths of the Glycolytic system?

A

No delay for oxygen and large fuel stores in the liver, muscles and blood stream.
Relatively fast fuel breakdown for ATP resynthesis.
Provides energy for high-intensity activities for up to 3 mins.
Lactic acid can be recycled into fuel for further energy production.

23
Q

Weaknesses of the Glycolytic system?

A

Fatiguing by-product lactic acid reduces pH and enzyme activity.
Relatively low ATP yield and recovery can be lengthy.

24
Q

The aerobic system utilises around 95% of the potential energy in glucose through three distinct stages.
What are they?

A

1) Aerobic glycolysis
2) Kreb’s cycle
3)Electron transport chain (ETC)

25
Q

What type of reaction is the Glycolytic system?

A

Anaerobic (without the presence of oxygen)

26
Q

What type of reaction is the ATP-PC system?

A

Anaerobic

27
Q

What is the site of reaction for the ATP-PC system?

A

Sarcoplasm

28
Q

What is the food fuel used in the ATP-PC system?

A

Phosphocreatine

29
Q

What is the controlling enzyme in the ATP-PC system?

A

Creatine kinase

30
Q

What is the ATP yield of the ATP-PC system?

A

1 mole of PC yields 1 mole of ATP (1:1)

31
Q

What are the specific stages of the ATP-PC system?

A

Coupled reaction

32
Q

What are the bi-products of the ATP-PC system?

A

None

33
Q

What are the strengths of the ATP-PC system?

A

No delay for oxygen.
PC readily available in the muscle cell.
Simple and rapid breakdown of PC and resynthesis of ATP.
Provides energy for very high intensity activities.
No fatiguing by-products and simple compounds aid fast recovery.

34
Q

What is the intensity of the ATP-PC system?

A

Very high intensity

35
Q

What is the duration of the ATP-PC system?

A

2-10 seconds

36
Q

What are the weaknesses of the ATP-PC system?

A

Low ATP yield and small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue after 8-10 seconds.

37
Q

What is aerobic glycolysis in the aerobic system?

A

The breakdown of Carbohydrates (in the form of Glucose or Glycogen) into Pyruvic acid and two ATP molecules.

38
Q

What type of reaction is the aerobic system?

A

Aerobic (with the presence of oxygen)

39
Q

Where is the site of reactions in the aerobic system?

A

Sarcoplasm, cristae and the mitochondria

40
Q

What is the food fuel used in aerobic system?

A

Glycogen/glucose

41
Q

What is the controlling enzyme in the aerobic system?

A

PFK

42
Q

What is the ATP yield in the aerobic system?

A

1 mole of glycogen yields up to 38 moles of ATP (1:38)

43
Q

What are the specific stages of the aerobic system?

A

Glycolysis, link reaction, kreb’s cycle, elctron transport chain

44
Q

What are the bi-products of the aerobic system?

A

CO2 and H2O

45
Q

What is the intensity needed for the aerobic system?

A

Low-moderate/sub-maximal intensity

46
Q

What is the duration of the aerobic system?

A

3 minutes onwards

47
Q

What are the strengths of the aerobic system?

A

Large fuel stores; triglycerides, FFAs, glycogen and glucose.
High ATP yield and long duration of energy production.
No fatiguing bi-products.

48
Q

What are the weaknesses of the aerobic system?

A

Delay for oxygen delivery and complex series of reactions.
Slow energy production limits activity to sub-maximal intensity.
Triglycerides or FFAs demand around 15% more O2 for breakdown.

Sports Studies (19 decks)

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