Energy Water and Earths Processes - 1 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the different types of electromagnetic radiation? Which have more or less energy
radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays
Define validity in the context of scientific claims
Validity - how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure
What are the main components required for photosynthesis to occur?
carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
What is the relationship between carbon dioxide and light intensity (seasons) in the process of photosynthesis?
During the warmer and sunnier months of spring and summer, photosynthesis increases since more sunlight is available
What are the 2 types of ocean currents?
Where are the located and how do they occur?
surface circulation, which stirs a relatively thin upper layer of the sea, and deep circulation, which sweeps along the deep-sea floor
What factors contribute to erosion?
atmospheric precipitation, wind, air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation
Define polarity in relation to water molecules
water molecule has two poles - a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side).
Effects of glacial abrasion on landscapes
They sculpt mountains, carve valleys, and move vast quantities of rock and sediment
Observable signs of climate change
Higher Temperatures.
Changing Rain and. Snow Patterns.
More Droughts.
Warmer Oceans.
Rising Sea Level.
Wilder Weather.
Increased Ocean Acidity.
Shrinking Sea Ice.
Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation versus high-frequency EM radiation on Matter
High-frequency electromagnetic waves have a short wavelength and high energy whereas low-frequency waves have a long wavelength and low energy.
Therefore, the shorter the wavelength the more energetic the radiation and the greater the potential for biological harm.
Effect of UV radiation on skin cells
Too much UV radiation from the sun or sunbeds can damage the DNA in our skin cells. DNA tells our cells how to function. If enough DNA damage builds up over time, it can cause cells to grow out of control, which can lead to skin cancer.
How do ocean currents influence climates and ecosystems?
redistribute water, heat, nutrients, and oxygen about the ocean
Density of water in solid versus liquid
implication on aquatic life
Solid water, or ice, is less dense than liquid water. Ice is less dense than water because the orientation of hydrogen bonds causes molecules to push farther apart, which lowers the density
ice forms on the surface of bodies of water rather than the bottom. This creates an insulating layer that protects aquatic life from freezing temperatures
How do water properties contribute to frost wedging and glacial abrasion?
Since water expands when it freezes, it pushes apart the rock and creates a space that stays once the water begins to thaw and contract to its original size. Then, the water can travel even deeper into the rock, and during the next freezing cycle, open up the space even further.
How are direct temp readings and proxy data different?
Direct - thermometer
proxy - estimation/comparison
